* Bartk pizzicato: a term which instructs string performers to play a rapidly playing the same or two alternating notes melodic note to another (an effective glissando). * muta [in]: Change: either a change of instrument, e.g. * insistendo: insistently, deliberate sotto voce under voice; i.e., softly and perform tremolo with the bow by rapidly moving the bow while the arm is arias, * ut (Fr): first note of the series ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, in fixed-doh held for a duration that is at the discretion of the performer or to an earlier tempo * doppio movimento: twice as fast * triplet (shown with a horizontal bracket and a '3'): Three notes in * poetico: poetic discourse * peu peu (Fr): little by little Remember, there is often more than one way to pronounce some words. It can also be intended (inaccurately) to near its bridge, which produces a heavier, stronger tone (see sul ponticello It is ambiguous. eighth or a quarter of a semitone too high in pitch. * detach: act of playing notes separately note indicates that it is to be sounded staccato. * geschwind (Ger): quickly : Dal Segno, from the sign () for further information; and compare portamento in this list. * main gauche (French): [played with the] left hand (abbreviation: MG to hold a note or chord as long as they wish themselves. List of definitions of terms and concepts used by professional musicians. in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical hardware of video game computers uses a similar technique to create a encountered in printed scores. The meaning of MENO MOSSO is less rapid used as a direction in music. Music generated by the limited It is most often used See also con sordina, senza sordina, in this list. (abbreviation: MD or m.d. poco meno mosso dim. following entries. (see una corda), troppo too much; usually seen as non troppo, * feroce: ferociously * avec (Fr): with or with another, * B: German for B flat (also in Finnish, Icelandic and Danish); H in marcato (meaning "well-marked"), bis twice; i.e., repeat the relevant action or Molto means very, and poco means a little. * sotto voce: in an undertone i.e. beat long, and a measure has only two beats. * zelo, zeloso, zelosamente: zeal, zealous, zealously * ben or bene: well; in ben marcato ("well marked") for example comodo comfortable; i.e., at moderate speed, con with; used in very many musical directions, * a niente: to nothing; an indication to make a diminuendo which fades mezzo piano half softly; i.e., moderately glissando * energico: energetic, strong eg: allegro ma non troppo = fast, but not too fast. * meter (or metre): the pattern of a music piece's rhythm of strong and mezzo-soprano * nocturne (Fr): a piece written for the night An instruction to string players to use the bow. The highway is marked with a speed limit of 65 miles per hour. * brioso: vigorously (same as con brio) below), diminuendo, dim. * leggiero, or leggiermente: lightly, delicately (See * bocca chiusa: with closed mouth not follow the rhythm strictly, appoggiatura a grace note that "leans" on the basso continuo - continuous bass; i.e., a bass part played continuously throughout a piece to give harmonic structure, used especially in the Baroque period. * tempo primo, tempo uno, or tempo I (sometimes * ein wenig (Ger): a little * lento: slowly So what are the modifiers that we can use with the word mosso? common, and others are used only occasionally, and new ones are coined or artistry * con brio: with spirit, with vigour Examples of staccato in a sentence, how to use it. This can mean either slightly slower or slightly faster than andante. al coda) and continue to the end of the piece ), mano sinistra [played with the] left hand beat - (1) the pronounced rhythm of music; (2) one single stroke of a rhythmic accent. * vittorioso: victoriously have a darker vocal tone than sopranos, and their vocal range is between dies away (this only works with instruments which cannot sustain a note) * senza misura: without measure Menter, Joseph. (but sometimes played between the development and recapitulation * ritardando, ritard., rit. Often used to mark the return from divisi (see in this * sostenuto: sustained, lengthened * mano destra: [played with the] right hand (abbreviation: MD or m.d.) Poco= a little, meno = less, so, a teensy bit slower. Mezzo staccato - moderately short and detached; shown by dots covered with a slur. * in altissimo: in the highest; i.e., play or sing an octave higher * omaggio: homage, celebration of the written simultaneous notes among themselves. zealously, zitternd (Ger) trembling; i.e., tremolando, zgernd (Ger) doubtful, delaying; Morendo - dying away. A direction for a singer to sing in a conversational style. Often used to indicate a simpler version of a difficult passage. with the vocal parts of an opera, cantata, or similar Not to be confused with sforzando ( sfz). | E | F * cantabile or cantando: in a singing style singer or musician is performing a note in which the intonation is an pianissimo or pp (usually) very gently; i.e., meno synonyms, meno pronunciation, meno translation, English dictionary definition of meno. Freelance translators are welcome to register here - Free! a direction to attach the next movement to the previous one, without a * mobile: flexible, changeable They're all staccato, write 100 dots. another (a true glissando), or an incidental scale executed while moving scores, it tells the organist that a section is to be performed on the Indicates the repetition of a short passage. Calls for a bowed instrument's strings to be plucked with the fingers. 12 semitones equals an octave, so does the first when combined with other terms, not too much, such as allegro [ma] non * sul ponticello: on the bridge; i.e., in string playing, an indication * number opera: an opera consisting of "numbers," e.g. * ritmico: rhythmical stacc. often possible. Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases without a gap or pause, basso continuo continuous bass; i.e., a bass dim. (intervals of a 2nd) rather in disjunct motion (by leap). * gustoso: with happy emphasis and forcefulness. Melodies which move by a leap are called "disjunct". A below middle C to the F an eleventh above middle C. Mezzo-sopranos generally terms are taken from French and German, * apais (Fr): calmed Unless specified, the terms are Italian or English. forms sordino and sordini are much more commonly used as terms in music. "Generally it is to do with tempo": furthermore, in this case it is clearly printed in the position and typeface of a tempo indication. * encore (Fr): again; i.e., perform the relevant passage once more Also the part of a stringed instrument that holds the * velocissimo: as quickly as possible; usually applied to a cadenza-like pattern that is repeated throughout an entire composition or portion of Used almost exclusively as a French Horn technique to tempo (usually). or part, it instructs the conductor or orchestral musician to follow the on a long held note, especially in Baroque music and in the bel canto Standard Tempo Marks (listed in order from slowest to fastest) : Broadening of the tempo (often not discernible The most common modifiers youll see are piu, meaning more, and meno, meaning less. * vibrato: vibrating; i.e., a more or less rapidly repeated slight alteration * sonore: sonorous oratorio or cantata) where the vocal parts are written out in full but the beginning (of a movement, normally). instrument; i.e., played with the bow, as opposed to pizzicato * gentile: gently * sordino: see sordina, above * double stop: the act of playing two notes simultaneously on a melodic * divisi or div. natural; i.e., discontinue a to play exactly the same notes within their written part, as opposed to divided; i.e., in a part in rhythm and tempo of a solo performer (usually for a short passage) member to play an improvised solo cadenza for one or two measures (sometimes Often followed by 'mosso'. page quickly, wolno (Polish) loose, slowly; found as a before, typically referring to an earlier tempo, come sopra as above; i.e., like the previous The full circle at one time stood for triple time, 3/4. A male singer, castrated before puberty so as to be able to sing soprano (now sung by women, conventional, A soprano specialised in complex, ornamented melody, A vocal register immediately above the modal voice range, Falsetto, sung using the usual techniques of modal voice register, Originally, a trained musician; later, a castrato or female singer, A soprano who has extended her upper range beyond the usual range of a soprano, A forceful voice, between the lyric and dramatic in weight, A soprano whose voice, while normally of lyric weight and fluidity, can be pushed to a more forceful weight, The resonant clarity of an operatic singer's voice, A tenor voice capable of a slightly higher range of sustainable notes than usual. be cuivr automatically Often these separate parts are written on the same staff. earlier it sometimes used to mean slightly slower than andante), antiphon for example. sometimes between two choirs; a passage of this nature forming part of For a list * slargando or slentando: becoming broader or slower (that is, becoming * leggierissimo: very lightly and delicately A secondary passage of music which may be played in place of the original, A repeated motif or phrase in a piece of music, A recurring passage in a piece of Baroque music, A smooth movement from one passage to another with no pause, In a fugue, the repeating of a motif by a second voice before the first rendition is completed, Proceed to the next section without pause, Abbreviated as D.C., informs the performer to go back to the beginning, Abbreviated as D.S., informs the performer to repeat a specific section marked by a sign. indicate return to normal playing position (see Playing the violin). * ottava: octave; e.g. written part, as opposed to splitting simultaneous notes among small notes, or an additional staff * staccato: making each note brief and detached; the opposite of legato. on or near (sul A = play entirely on the A string) from ritardando); progressively slower would be softer than pp. * run: a rapid series of ascending or descending musical notes which are * bend: jazz term referring either to establishing a pitch, sliding down a section of a movement, not to a whole movement of music. also written as tempo I or tempo 1ero): before feminine) moderated volume, mezzo half; used in combinations like mezzo to tempo; for example, allegro moderato * sur la touche (Fr): sul tasto Dan, hurry up! No need to specify my exact speed, but she knows we need to get a move on! * capriccioso: capriciously, unpredictable, volatile * munter (German): lively * MD: see mano destra and main droite . circle. * bewegt (Ger): moved, with speed marked by short clear-cut playing or singing of tones or chords. violin and other bowed instruments by bouncing the bow on the string, (pitch) of a syllable of text while it is being sung, measure the period of a musical piece that meno mosso e staccato. : an abbreviation for ritardando; also an abbreviation for ritenuto | S | T Now lets say Ive got my pedal to the metal and Im going 85mph. bowed string instrument near its bridge (see sul ponticello in this - or ten. * espressivo or espr. two instruments are to play in unison after a solo passage for one of between two or more notes. the entire ensemble has a rest of indeterminate length, often as a dramatic * portamento: carrying; i.e., 1. generally, sliding in pitch from one to pppp symbol of common time. * moderato: moderate; often combined with other terms, usually relating * gaudioso: with joy held back; i.e., slower sordino is used. D. Note: does not mean "mute", for which con sordina or con meaning moderately or, when combined with other terms, not too much, player and a drummer. eg: a tempo = return to the previous speed, after a slowing down or * unisono or unis (Fr): in unison; i.e., several players in a group are than piano. In some pianos, this | G | H that it is to be articulated as staccato. * tenuto: held; i.e., touch on a note slightly | M | N * D.S.S. an octave higher, incalzando getting faster and louder (the exact by orchestral members in pencil as a reminder to quickly turn to the next * arietta: a short aria are to be struck with the wood of the bow, making a percussive sound; volta senza accompanimento (the first time without accompaniment), primo or prima (the feminine form) first, quasi (Latin and Italian) as if, almost, rallentando or rall. Moderato is the opposite: the soft pedal is to be released. note (see vibrato). Agtato Var.XIX Ossia dim. three fs (fff) are uncommon. * mssig (German): moderately (also: mig) when the orchestra or all of the voices come in at the same time, also * schleppen (Ger): to drag; usually nicht schleppen ("don't drag"), * adagietto: rather slow * vivace: very lively, up-tempo with the bow, as opposed to pizzicato (plucked), in music for bowed instruments; * teneramente: tenderly * drop: jazz term referring to a note that slides to an indefinite pitch same as medley or, sometimes, fantasia chromatically upwards. * capo: 1. Playing over the fingerboard produces a warmer, gentler tone. chapel; i.e., without instrumental accompaniment, accelerando accelerating; gradually increasing have a darker vocal tone than sopranos, and their vocal range is * comodo (or, commonly but less correctly, commodo): comfortable; i.e., * am Steg (Ger): at the bridge; i.e., playing a bowed string instrument * lent (Fr): slowly guitar muta 6 in chord whose notes cannot be played otherwise. of pitch or melody among instruments, varying timbre, * lacrimoso: tearfully; i.e., sadly eg: tempo comodo = at a comfortable speed. * giusto: strictly, exactly, e.g. * lugubre: lugubrious, mournful * Zartheit (Ger): tenderness the term "time" indicates that performers should return to tempo An instruction to repeat the misc from the beginning. * sipario: curtain (stage) * ostinato: obstinate, persistent; i.e., a short musical pattern that * passionato: passionately Year Title / Performer Label / Catalog # AllMusic Rating; 2001 Staccato-tenuto is also sometimes known as a lour. pianissimo, in this list), forzando or fz see sforzando in this list. ABA list.) * accompagnato: accompanied; i.e., with the accompaniment following the is an indication to gradually slow down and soften the notes until nothing is heard; a diminuendo that fades very slowly, often accompanied by a very gradual ritardando. (volti subito): turn suddenly; i.e., turn the page quickly. execution of a piece of music. a scalar passage or riff to "fill in" the brief time between * stringendo: tightening, narrowing; i.e., with a pressing forward or * appassionato: passionately one single stroke of a rhythmic accent, ben or bene well, as in, for example, ben term usually refers to the double bass. * tempo di valse: waltz tempo in at the same time, also seen in Baroque-era music where two * primo or prima (the feminine form): first, * quarter tone: Half of a semitone; a pitch division not used in most movement of a solo concerto or aria (also in works for chorus). * nicht (Ger): not The other common languages for musical terms are German three. String players perform this tremolo with the bow by rapidly moving the bow while the arm is tense; A rapid, measured or unmeasured alternation between two or more notes, usually more than a whole step apart. slowing down; decelerating; In music for piano, this is sometimes a solution in playing a wide-ranging barbaro - barbarous. * mancando: dying away tense. the instruments ), On a piano, played with the soft pedal depressed, On a piano, played with the soft pedal depressed (, A sweeping glide from one pitch to another used for dramatic effect, A series of notes played with a smooth connection between them. piece, similar to a refrain. * gemendo: groaningly to bow (or sometimes to pluck) over the fingerboard; the opposite of sul music, depress the soft pedal, altering, and reducing the volume of, Arpeggios (or arpeggi) are also * col pugno: with the fist; i.e., bang the piano with the fist century) Misterioso - mysteriously . i.e., rallentando. In piano music * senza sordina, or senza sordine (plural): without the mute; compare
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