Such damage can be even more extensive when visitors frequently stray off established trails. This corresponds to the activities of surfing, diving, fishing and dog walking; the four primary everyday activities that take place on the Spit. No wonder more. These impacts were temporary and did not reflect the beach conditions throughout the majority of the year. "The main problem in understanding environmental impacts of tourism is that few scientific tools exist to determine the more subtle changes. Coral reefs are especially fragile marine ecosystems. The Gold Coast Book: An Illustrated History. One of the major contributing factors in this decision-making process was the lack of national approach (TFG, 2002): the Gold Coast Spit clearly demonstrated the conflict embedded in development in coastal zones and, the local-centered approach without the consideration of any wider context in term of coastal management. (by the way- you can help me to be able to keep content like this free for everyone to access by subscribing to my YouTube channel! The foot traffic had significantly reduced the vegetation on the dunes, allowing weeds to take hold in some areas. Impacts range from global contributions to climate change and ocean pollution to localized effects on endangered plant and animal species in protected areas. ), Off the Plan: The Urbanisation of the Gold Coast. (2008). Abstract. Creswell, T. (2004). Likewise, coastal wetlands are often drained due to lack of more suitable sites. Australia's Gold Coast: A city producing itself, in Lindner, C. Sparkling beaches and waterways are synonymous with our city. Opladen/ Framington Hills: Barbara Budrich Publishers. The Gold Coast: Australias playground?. Blackgins Leap: A window into Aboriginal-European Relations in the Pioneer Valley, Queensland in the 1860s. Ms Battista said tourism was part of the city's history and believed it was a critical component of future success. This trajectory did not, at the time, succeed in obtaining jurisdictional powers that would require State/Commonwealth cooperation in resolving complex, place-based conflicts. The coastline often becomes synonymous with the identity of the city and a key ingredient to its growth and prosperity, yet it is also a highly contentious place where numerous conflicts are rife. At last, the cycle of conflicts seems, currently, to have stalled with the repetitive impetus of new players (develop the Spit! The big question remains: will the proposed casino and/ or towers go ahead? Griffith University tourism lecturer Sarah Gardiner told ABC Radio Gold Coast many businesses were "living from grant to . Australian Bureau of Statistics (2015). One thing that did emerge from the 1998 Gold Coast Harbour Study was that the Gold Coast City Council agreed that no development (private or commercial) would occur on the remnant of public land at the northern end of the Southport Spit and that the open space character of the area would be retained and enhanced (Gold Coast City Council, 2003). To this end, it is interesting to note the emergence of arguments in the spit conflict, which are now giving more weight to coastal conservation which only tentatively existed existed ten years ago. Moore, C. (1990). The Council of the City of Gold Coast also revealed that 20% of the citys total earnings come from the tourism industry. Find out how you can make a difference to our environment and network with like-minded people by volunteering in one of the many programs on offer. This suggests that the people who signed and attended the Save Our Spit rally were not necessarily the ones who visited the Spit on an everyday, regular basis. 16% of Queensland respondents rated tourism as affecting their personal quality of life 'positively (2)' or 'very positively (3)'. The feeling of attachment that is produced from knowing a place comes from living that place. Will we, one day, develop place-attachment for a cruise ship terminal or casino on the Spit? The Gold Coast is the perfect place to relax and to rejuvenate both your mind and body after working for weeks or even months. The current new players on the block are the Citys Mayor, Tom Tate at the local government level with the support of the state government, and the international ASF China Consortium as the dvelopper. Given this preoccupation with the coast, one may expect that Australia would be at the forefront of coastal tourism developments and coastal protection. We suggest that in this statement the Deputy Premier was casting local place attachment as an obstacle in the development process. Tourism can cause the same forms of pollution as any other industry:Air emissions;noise pollution;solid waste and littering; sewage; oil and chemicals. It is a way to raise awareness of environmental values and it can serve as a tool to finance protection of natural areas and increase their economic importance. SUSTAINABILITY. , St. Lucia, University of Queensland Press. Sense of place as an attitude: Lakeshore owners attitudes towards their properties, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21: 233-48. Holden, G. (2011). The Southport Spit continues to ride a wave of development abuse. 9Donning the social constructionist goggles allows us to observe the built and natural landscape as a social-spatial framework within which people, from different cultural, social and economic groups, interact and create a shared sense of place (Greider and Garkovich, 1994; Mangun et al., 2009). For tourist areas such as the City of Gold Coast, place is not simply a location it is a culmination of social processes along with tourist perceptions, or an intersection of various global flows, not just of money or capital, but of visitors (Urry, 1995). Habitats can be degraded by tourism leisure activities. Will this be the new norm, accepted and valued by local communities, the old players? Large, dominating resorts of disparate design can look out of place in any natural environment and may clash with the indigenous structural design. On the other hand, the new players, the European settlers, saw the region as one of plentiful resources, and good farming potential. The environmental impacts of tourism have gained increasing attention in recent years. Cyclones, tsunamis and storm surges affect not just our coastal development and recreational amenity, but also the ecosystems of our coast. The image of the City of Gold Coast also poses questions regarding the value of place. Our beautiful beaches are one of our most precious natural assets for both residents and visitors as well as a major natural economic asset. Mayor Tate, backed by the newly elected Newman Liberal National Party State Government put out a call for expressions of interest to develop a range of tourist infrastructure including a casino, hotels and cruise ship terminal on the Spit (See SOSA, a). Manage Settings Making Sense of Place: Exploring concepts and expressions of place through different senses and lenses, Canberra, National Museum of Australia. Using observed market expenditure to estimate the value of recreational surfing to the Gold Coast, Australia, Proceedings from the Queensland Coastal Conference, 12-15 May, Sea World Resort, Gold Coast. As an island-country where 85% of the population lives within 50 km of the coast, , one could easily expect that Australia would be at the forefront of coastal planning, management and protection. Place is also read and understood as a physical site in relation to both built and natural environments, as well as through written, verbal, visual and non-verbal media and marketing. Values of Place: Measuring Attitudes of Community Leaders Toward Scenes from Rural Landscapes. Carver and V. Ylli (2009). Forests often suffer negative impacts of tourism in the form of deforestation caused by fuel wood collection and land clearing. Sparkling beaches and waterways are synonymous with our city. Today, it boasts facilities that that rival most Australian capitals. The Waterways Authority were frequently involved in controversy over commercial development rights on public land in the city (Condon, 2006). and R.G. Negative impacts from tourism occur when the level of visitor use is greater than the environment's ability to cope with this use within the acceptable limits of change. Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, first published 1932, Progress Publishers, Moscow. Importantly, by declaring the project as a Significant Development the local planning Authority, The Gold Coast City Council, and significantly local communities (old players), were positioned as observers with no authority to input into the project other than decreed and regulated by the State Government (new player). Niche market attractions, such as artificial reefs, cruise ship holidays, or mountain bike parks were of limited mass appeal, but could be attractive for selected markets. One thing that did emerge from the data was that all respondents who indicated that they were unaware of the development proposals also indicated that they were against development on the Spit, but not necessarily opposed to the upgrade of facilities. This norm has been established over time and is embedded in the value of, and the attachment people have to, the place. Carter, J., P. Dyer and B. Sharma (2007). For many coastal cities such as the City of Gold Coast, the challenge is compounded, as activities in the coastal zone (land and water) significantly contribute to creating a sense of place. Our coast provides significant economic, social and environmental benefits, making coastal management a serious and important issue for us all. Visitor Attitudes Toward Tourism Development and Product Integration in an Australian Urban-Rural Fringe. They also form a key defence against erosion, protecting people, properties and infrastructure. Each beach area has a Dune Restoration Works Action Plan. This resulted in the regions most horrific and infamous development conflict, a conflict that was mirrored in nearly all regions across Australia throughout the 18th and 19th Centuries. The negative impacts of tourism development can gradually destroy the environmental resources on which it depends. Governance arrangements and the coastal zone in The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia (2009), Report: Managing our coastal zone in a changing climate. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Best recognises that the Yugambeh people, the traditional owners of much of South East Queensland, continue to fight a battle both social and environmental, to ensure that their cultural heritage is respected and not exploited (Best, 1994). Implacing architecture into the practice of placemaking, Journal of Architectural Education, 53 (3): 130-140. , Australia. This may result in increased animals deaths, for example road-kill deaths. In mountain regions, trekking tourists generate a great deal of waste. Hundloe, T., B. McDougall and C. Page (2015). As an island-country where 85% of the population lives within 50 km of the coast (ABS, 2015), one could easily expect that Australia would be at the forefront of coastal planning, management and protection. While many other coastal cities relied on port facilities to develop commercial and naval activities, the City of Gold Coast emerged and grew as a tourism destination. The Gold Coast has been consistently one of the most visited regions in all of Australia. Memories and frequency of visits contributed to the high value attributed to these two indicators. The Gold Coast in Australia is one of these coastal places, which developed through taking advantage of its environmental assets, such as direct access to the sea, a white sandy shoreline, an extensive and naturally protected broadwater and several large accessible rivers. Gold Coast, Burchill Strategic Projects. 2023 Dr Hayley Stainton, all rights reserved. The costs identified in 1. are at least partially offset, or perhaps . Australia's Gold Coast has long been derided as an "overgrown resort town" and a "cultural desert". There is, however, no overriding jurisdiction covering planning law enforcement in maritime areas and, this situation has led to many social and environmental conflicts. Mitchell, C. R. (2011). In the 2019 calendar year, the Gold Coast tourism sector made $5.9 billion. (1994). Not surprisingly most respondents indicated that they spent over three hours at the Spit at any one time. It features a state-of-the-art casino, airport, race course, and two sporting stadiums. 5This article shows how the evolution and resolution of development conflicts on the citys protected coastal strip (the Spit) are symptomatic of the evolution of place values and how, this informs a shift towards better coastal protection. In the case of the Southport Spit local place-making practices and local communities succeeded in achieving (for now) a local outcome, valued and upheld by many local people. The notion of conflict has been well documented since Marx (1959) first wrote about it in 1844 (for example see Kriesberg, 1982; Austin, 2011). Shibley (2000). It also causes distress to wildlife and can cause animals to alter their natural activity patterns. The tensions and differences between the two groups of players seem irreconcilable (see table 1). ensuring there is enough sand on Gold Coast beaches for recreation, mitigating beach erosion risks to infrastructure, keeping our ocean waters are safe for recreational activities. The data collection instrument was developed in accordance to Sunlu's (2003) interpretation of environmental impacts of tourism development (destination landscape, ecosystem management and. Uncontrolled conventional tourism poses potential threats to many natural areas around the world. The old players in this development conflict include those that value the Spit for its historic/existing/inherent/familiar characteristics and qualities: desirable, usable, accessible, equitable, free, public open space. Essentially the place becomes vulnerable as local everyday activity nodes move elsewhere and tourists do not return. Some destinations have taken this further and put restrictions in place for the number of tourists that can visit at one time. I will explain each of these negative environmental impacts of tourism below. Queensland Parliamentary Debates, (Member for Burleigh, ALP), 28/2/2006. Anchoring, scuba diving, yachting and cruising are some of the activities that can cause direct degradation of marine ecosystems such as coral reefs. For example, wildlife viewing can bring about stress for the animals and alter their natural behaviour when tourists come too close. An example of this was the carbon offsetting fee that I could . Race Relations in South East Queensland, 1840-1860, B.A. Since then, coastal management in Australia has been undergoing a transformation that reflects broader governance shifts, as well as raising awareness about global issues such as climate change and pollution. George, J., chair (2009). The SOSAs objections to the state governments development proposal were founded on five key points. Landscapes: The Social Construction of Nature and the Environment. By July 2006 (just ten months into the feasibility studies) the SOSA had collected over 20,000 signatures as part of their petition to the state government to stop development on the Spit (SOSA d). One place that epitomises the challenges regarding development conflicts and place value in the City of Gold Coast is the Southport Spit. 8The process of constructing place meanings, values and attachments is the result of a multitude of influences and factors (Dovey, 1999; Creswell, 2004; Massey, 1994; Carter, Dyer and Sharma, 2007; Vanclay, Higgins and Blackshaw, 2008). One thing that did emerge from the data was that all respondents who indicated that they were unaware of the development proposals also indicated that they were against development on the Spit, but not necessarily opposed to the upgrade of facilities. However it was not until 1997 that the Labor Government set up the Gold Coast Harbours Authority to take a more local approach to the management of the Broadwater and Spit environs. The supposition being that the advice from the Board would be in favour of development. Besides, with a population that could also triple in size over the holiday season in selected precincts, the city has historically been challenged by finding a balance between financial interests, community cohesion, and identity. Cheng, A.S., L.E. The conflict between new and old values, interests and land uses of the different players in this game have not abated, nor is resolution any closer. Austin, B. Fischer, M., Giessmann, H. J., eds. Council accused of mass sell-off, News, Wednesday 09 October, pp7. One thing that did emerge from the 1998 Gold Coast Harbour Study was that the Gold Coast City Council agreed that no development (private or commercial) would occur on the remnant of public land at the northern end of the Southport Spit and that the open space character of the area would be retained and enhanced (Gold Coast City Council, 2003). Gold Coast Sun (2013). During this time, the Gold Coast transformed from small resort town to become an international tourist city (Dedekorkut-Howes & Bosman, 2015). With the rise in sustainable tourism and an increased number of initiatives for being environmentally friendly, tourists and stakeholders alike are now recognising the importance of environmental management in the tourism industry. We regularly collect data using: For the Beach Health Report, we split our coastline into 23 beach compartments. This is evidenced in Machu Pichu as well as other well known destinations and attractions, as I discussed earlier in this post. 25The Southport Spit continues to ride a wave of development abuse. These include: Caring for our coastline involves working with our partners and the community. Beach cleaning. Best recognises that the Yugambeh people, the traditional owners of much of South East Queensland, continue to fight a battle both social and environmental, to ensure that their cultural heritage is respected and not exploited (Best, 1994). However, unlike other Australian cities, the City of Gold Coast emerged and grew as a tourist destination that reached a peak in the 1960s and continue to grow rapidly. This would inevitably have had severe consequences for the wildlife living in the area. (1992) recognise that conflict often arises due to the differing interests of the new, pro- development, growth-oriented players or stakeholders and the old players or local communities who value the urban environment in its current and historic context, and who seek to preserve these characteristics. Luxury in all its States: Foundations, Dynamic and Plurality, Social Movements, Here and There; from the Past and the Present, Island Worlds: Spaces, Temporalities, Resources, Marine Resources and Coastal Development: Vulnerability, Management and Adaptation to Global Change, Tourism and Fight against Poverty: Theoretical Approach and Case Studies, Insularity and Tourism: Territorial Project Matter, Globalization: different faces, different perspectives, The Caribbean coast of Central America: fragmentation or regional integration, Tourism, culture(s) and Territorial Attractiveness, The changing world of coastal, island and tropical tourism, Cruise Tourism: Territorialisation, Construction and Development Issues, Islands in crisis: Haiti, Jamaica, France's overseas, Marine Resources: Current Situations, Usages and Management, Tourism in Latin America: Development Challenges and Perspectives, Spaces and Protected Areas: Integrative Management and Participatory governance, Small Island Territories and Sustainable Development, Tourism in the Tropical and Subtropical Islands and Coastlines: Places Usages and Development Issues, Migrations, Mobilities and Caribbean Identical Constructions, Micro-Insularity and Marine Environments Degradation: Example of the Caribbean, Empreintes de l'esclavage dans la Carabe, criture hors-pair d'Andr et de Simone Schwarz-Bart, Risques, rsilience et prennit des destinations touristiques. The Economic Outlook report is designed to provide a brief, non-technical overview of the Gold Coast's economic performance including post-COVID recovery and growth compared to the state and national level economies. (2008). 2Although some attempts to a better coastal policy and management were tried here and there (e.g. For instance, in 1999, the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act introduced an important change as it gave the Australian Government significant powers to influence coastal environmental policy and planning (. This energetic and dedicated group organised a number of rallies and delegations and petitions over the next two years (Figure 5) and maintained (and continue to maintain) an evocative and resourceful web site. Unfortunately, tourism often contributes to the degradation of said resources. Comprehensive research to asses such proposals would generate the economic models and social impact studies needed to advance such decision making and capitalise positively on the current tourism boom. With the reputation of the city as a symbol of excess, extravagance, tackiness, and placelessness (Weaver and Lawton, 2004) along with the pro-development attitude of the state government and the abundance of entrepreneurial initiatives (Dedekorkut-Howes and Bosman, 2015), it raises many questions about city governance (Dredge and Bosman, 2011; Wise, 2006), and its planning strategies and instruments (Dredge and Jamal, 2013; Griffin, 2006). In recent years golf tourism has increased in popularity and the number of golf courses has grown rapidly. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. Cruise tourism in the Caribbean, for example, is a major contributor to this negative environmental impact of tourism. Improper waste disposal can be a major despoiler of the natural environment. It was not until the late 1990s when some noticeable changes started to occur. One of the major contributing factors in this decision-making process was the lack of national approach (TFG, 2002): the Gold Coast Spit clearly demonstrated the conflict embedded in development in coastal zones and, the local-centered approach without the consideration of any wider context in term of coastal management. AllHRSP.com.auGuest enquiries must be referred to theHRSP.com.auoffice located off-site in central Surfers Paradise (https://hrsp.com.au/office.pdf),[emailprotected] or Live Chat: Click to chat. This can make a tourist destination less appealing and can contribute to a loss of appeal. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. The more this occurs, the more damage that is caused. During this time the old players were the Aboriginal groups in the area, collectively known as the Yugambeh people, whose place values revolved around the land being sacred, rather than a resource to be exploited. An analysis of the survey data indicated that 73 percent of the respondents had been visiting the Spit for three or more years, with 28 percent of respondents visiting the Spit for over 16 years. Although there are not as many (far from it!) Land may also be cleared to obtain materials used to build tourism sites, such as wood. Place values participate to city branding (come to surf to Kirra, whale season!, etc.). Areas that would be home to a wide array of flora and fauna are turned into hotels, car parks and swimming pools. The Issue Paper and public consultation associated with it was essentially about the making of places; viable places that were valued by new and old players alike. Creating a greener home is easier than you think. Southport Urban Heritage and Character Strategy Review, Gold Coast City. The top sex tourism countries in the world, 13 Social impacts of tourism + explanations + examples, 10 Economic impacts of tourism + explanations + examples, Why the environment is so important to tourism, Positive environmental impacts of tourism, Negative environmental impacts of tourism, Construction activities and infrastructure development, Deforestation and intensified or unsustainable use of land, Alteration of ecosystems by tourist activities, Environmental impacts of tourism: Conclusion, Environmental impacts of tourism reading list, The 3 types of travel andtourismorganisations, 150 types oftourism! Others emphasise that conflicts frequently emerge as a result of change, and as meanings, values and attachments to places alter (Mitchell, 2011). 21The SOSA mounted their campaign based upon these five factors. It did however mark a change in decision-making processes, as did the (temporary) securing of the Spit as a free, undeveloped; public open space. Using observed market expenditure to estimate the value of recreational surfing to the Gold Coast, Australia, Proceedings from the Queensland Coastal Conference.
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