Animal-shaped coffins often represent the totem of the deceased clan. I really appreciate it, and I hope youll visit my blog again for more information of the Ga speaking people of Ghana; as well as recommend the blog to others. Oral history traces our ancestry from the old Egypt empire (ie Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan and the tribes along the Nile Osu Forest) to the East.. Men of the lineage live together in a mens compound, while women, even after marriage, live with their mothers and children in a womens compound. number did not include women, children, old people nor the house of Levi (priests). In a case of D.P. many years. Mindful of similar threats, they built Fort Coenraadsburg on St. Iago Hill, where it keeps watch to this day over St. Georges rear. Here is how they view different cultural aspects: The Ga people have many cultural beliefs related to Shamanism and Christianity. In ancient Israel of the Bible, the deceased were said to be buried across the river Jordan. The Guan tribe are believed to have migrated from Mossi region in Burkina Faso around 1000 A.D. Trading is generally in the hands of women, and a husband has no control over his wifes money. (Exodus 12 vs 19); Hmw celebrations on the 2nd Sunday of august. At the beginning of every year, these people plant and grow crops to prepare for the Homowo festivals. But then we can find evidence of, down orally in the history of others like the Hebrews, Ethiopia and Egypt t, It is believed that Gas may have also undergone the hash treatment the Hebrews had to en. These assertions has been corroborated by people of other ethnic groups such as the Adangbe, Ada, Krobo and Ewe speakers who were fellow emigrants of the Ga groups in their journeys from Benin in Nigeria through Aneho in Togo, and finally to their present locations in modern Ghana. James Town. Not until recently, I never knew that the Ga town- Pokuase, was founded by a man named [O]poku? These people take their culture seriously and do everything set in place by their forefathers. The group stayed there for some years before leaving during 672-525 B.C. After offering drink and asking for blessing from their gods they add[ this in Ga Language]: Milee nmaa kulibii Ayibo; Ni male nye yibo, Keje Lanma keyashi Ada Shwiloo, Keje wuoyi keyashi namli, Bibii ke ewuji fee abanu eko, Nii nyeke joomo juro ajoo wo. Prof Odotei translates these in English as follows: I do not know the number of grains of millet; Therefore I do not know you number, From Lanma to Ada Volta, From the north to south, Come to drink both great and small, And shower us with good blessings. The illustration here is that many supporting evidence as far the corruption of the Ga Language are concerned is cited. But in the modern days, the clothing is usually worn for almost every occasion, including religious worships, rites of passage, funerals, and weddings. What is the culture of the Ga-Adangbe tribe? Aboma, a suburb in Tshi came from. According to Odotei, other languages such Ewe, Hausa and those of European origins, have also contributed words such as Aboo garden in Ewe, and Abotsi friend in Hausa. Updates? South of Sudan. There are many rules and regulations that girls pass through during this period compared to boys. We Coins placed in the coffins of the deceased believing that. With this loss some of the Ga with their king fled from Accra and founded another state with its capital Glidzi across the Volta in the modern republic of Togo. In his capacity as linguist of the English, his influence became tremendous, especially in the section of Accra under the English, i.e. Their children learn about this culture as they grow and are expected to stick to it regardless of their status in the future. However, because much of the land was of thick bush inhabited by wild and dangerous animals, hunters who opened up tracts of these forests were recognized as owners of such places. Consequently, these extended family groups comprising of both emigrants and aborigines either through intermarriages or through assimilation, formed settlements that lived by farming and to some extent hunting. The Ga-Adangbe people came from a city in Egypt called Goshen. Nederlnsk - Frysk (Visser W.), The Importance of Being Earnest (Oscar Wilde), Handboek Caribisch Staatsrecht (Arie Bernardus Rijn), Big Data, Data Mining, and Machine Learning (Jared Dean), Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers (Douglas C. Montgomery; George C. Runger), Managerial Accounting (Ray Garrison; Eric Noreen; Peter C. Brewer), Junqueira's Basic Histology (Anthony L. Mescher), Marketing-Management: Mrkte, Marktinformationen und Marktbearbeit (Matthias Sander). It must also be noted that, in those days, Gas didnt have scholars [4] J. M. Bruce-Myers, The Origin of the Gas Journal of African Society, Vol. While Ozanne (1962) also noted that archaeological findings from the middens or organized refuse dumps stretching from the Nsaki River and across the village of Amanfro in the present Ga-West district have revealed large quantities of pottery and iron slag from foundries as evidence of the advancement of this community. Each group's divisions are united by a common origin, history, language, and cultural legacy. ORIGIN OF THE GA-SPEAKING PEOPLE From 1680 onwards, it became the practice of the Ga to seek refuge with their kinsmen in this new state whenever they faced difficulties in Accra. It was situated between the Sahara and the headwaters of the Sngal and Niger rivers, in an area that now comprises southeastern Mauritania and part of Mali. Currently English is the official language of. When Leah noticed that she had passed child-bearing age, she gave her maid servant, ZILPAH to wife. The abayan, cloth belonging to the deceased, which is torn to pieces, and each piece placed on the left wrist of the deceased relatives and very close friends, is an ancient Jewish custom. After what is believed to have been a very long stay in Boma, the Gas decided once again that it was time to I am going to research this tribe and continue to update this post with my findings. The Ga women also make accessories using beads, gold, and wood and then wear them during these important occasions. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. In the seventeenth century the English, Dutch, Swedes, and Danes established spheres of influence, entering into a preexisting coastal trade. Immigrants could also attain certain positions through achievements. These three quarters are commonly called James Town and formed the original area of British jurisdiction at Accra. Evidence of its application was conflicting and somewhat meagre, but this may be attributable form Rouna the stool of the Ga Mantse Those of Alata, Sempe and Akumanji the left wing, those of Osu, La, Teshie, Nungua and Tema, the right wing. But this is not all- religiously, the Israeli descendants have Kple and kpagods which are Ga and Obutu (Awutu), Me gods which are of Adanme origin, Otu gods which are Fante and Effutu and Akong gods which are Akuapem. In researching my heritage I identified that my paternal line traces back to Accra Ghana. The other three quarters, are said to be of later origin. What can be said without qualms is that the Ga people were not stable, but dynamic and engaged in the very common phenomenon of migration- the Homowo [Passover] festival had its origin in such migration the second divide of belief attributed the unleavened com bread to that of Jewish unleavened flour bread as the ritual food, the red clay painted at the door posts and the way the people eat in hurry during the festival are linked to the traditions of the Jewish Passover feast. But like the said Ewe-Israeli ancestral links, this one too, I have difficulty to accept whole-heartedly in that we know that Israelis cherish their blood bond. Through Zilpah, Jacob had Dan and Gad and four more sons. The Kusasi population in Ghana is estimated to be around 646,000. The group stayed there for some years before leaving during 672-525 B.C. The origin of the Ga-speaking ethnic groups from the early Sixteenth Century in the then Gold Coast has been a subject of controversy, since various scholars have given different versions of their migration stories. THE CULTURE OF GA LANGUAGE As the Gas travelled south, they came across many rivers like the Ghazal and Jebe rivers; these rivers were Gads fifth son was Eri who later formed a clan known as Erites (Genesis 30:9, Genesis 46:16, Numbers 26:15-19 and Deuteronomy 3:12; Genesis 30:4-8. They left Egypt and migrated to Ghana via Nigeria and Ethiopia there is much discussion around this on the internet. the Nile which is the south of Sudan. leader, Queen Sheba whos story is in the Holy Bible. The Nungua Mantse, in consultation with the Ga Mashi Mantse gave Osu lands to the KADI GBOI as people of Osu were referred to. the Volta Basin along the shorelines of the coast of the Gulf of Guinea. Field (1937, p.142) associating with Reindorf noted that the Ga speaking emigrants began to arrive and settle among the lagoon-worshipping Kpshi aborigines probably at the end of the sixteenth century. away as possible from Egypt. would be free from all those calamities they suffered. Of course, the Guans also on the other hand, had contributed extensively to the lexicological development of the modern Ga language through the formal principles of inflexion of Ga words; and grammatical features such as the usage of verb forms for the present progressive and the future tenses, which are not found in the Adangme verb forms. The Kwa people of Africa include the Ga-Dagbe, Ewe, Akwapim, Fanti, Kwahu, and Akim and Ashanti. The modern Adangbe include the people of Shai . While asapatre (Shoe), goa (Guava), dashi (Bribe), gudiimin (Good Evening), moonimooni (Good Morning), feesi (First) are corrupted forms of Portuguese and English words respectively. He, however, argued that from the archaeological point of view of the stages of human development, it is reasonable to assume that some form of evolution has taken place in the Ga language; either through migrations, conquest, trade, cultural assimilation or contact with speakers of different dialects has caused considerable modification of the Ga language. The tribe of Ga are descendants of GAD and are the hebrew Israelites. It was the alliance of the British and indigenous coastal forces that kicked out the Asantes in the Battle of Dodowa of 1826. Corroborating Romers assertion, Henderson-Quartey (2001), citing from the work of Bruce-Myers (1927, pp.70-72) quoted him as saying, the Gas came all the way from the central part of the Continentand they are kinsmen to the Benins, who by their own choice, kept back in the course of the migration. This gives credence to the assumption that the Ga ethnic groups were once part of the people of Benin from the mid-western part of Nigeria. They later migrated to West Africa and eventually stopped in Ghana, becoming their permanent home. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). All quarters have clan houses known aswekushia,the original homes of Ga patrilineages, and chiefs calledmantsemei. The Holy Bible tells us that, there were about 603,550 Hebrews who left Egypt; this The above historical narrations by these scholars points to the fact that the Ga coastal towns were established through the amalgamation of different tribes comprising of both indigenes and emigrants, with the sole aim of protecting themselves from extinction by invaders from the hinterland. had it not been that, our ancestor wouldnt have spoken so much about Boma. Foremost among these was the need for labor; the Dutch became the slave trades masters. So he decid, would be free from all those calamities they suffered. east towards the Horn of Africa. The Dagaaba people (Dagarti or Dagara, singular Dagao) are very sociable, hardworking agriculturalist and highly educated ethnic group in the Northern Region of Ghana. Ancestry DNA shows I have an African ancestor by the name of Quartey. ORIGIN OF THE GA-SPEAKING PEOPLE OF ACCRA. In order to protect themselves from slave raiding that has become rife, these settlements which were threatened with extinction, had to combine forces to establish towns for mutual protection; and the setting up of military organizations to fight off these invaders. Origin of Ga-Adangbe The Ga-Adangbe people came from a city in Egypt called Goshen. Although the Ga ethnic groups spearheaded the establishment of these six coastal towns, each has its own system of government and administration as well as social structures and organizations, without control from any central authority as found in other places. [5] They left Egypt and migrated to Ghana via Nigeria and Ethiopia there is much discussion around this on the internet. Yet, the Ga symbols are held by some of the community elders. tributaries of the Nile on the north. The journey in search of The significance of the celebration is to commemorate Jesus's triumphant entry into Jerusalem. The Ga-speaking peoples were organized into six independent towns ( Accra, Osu, Labadi, Teshi, Nungua, and Tema). They mainly sell fish, maize, beer, and even prepared foods. Of course, Loei is a Ga name for another species of dark brown ants, which meanders about in great swarms; invading houses, killing and devouring everything in their way. Extract above from http://www.encyclopedia.com, My DNA interestingly enough shows the migration of africans down the coast of Africa from Mali and Senegal down to Nigeria Ghana Benin Togo Cameroon and Congo. Unlike other scholars and historians, Amartey tracing the itinerary of the Nubians indicted that this group separated into the Ethiopian and Ga ethnic groups after they had left Egypt, with each group following different direction. Ga ethnicity was constructed out of many strands because of the multiplicity of trade contacts, religious influences, founding ethnicities, and cross-cultural contacts fostered by intermarriage. However, as early as 1557, Ga Mashie had already developed a well-organised trading system. Having accepted that in examining the true historical triumphs of the Ga country and its peoples, some historical events remain unchallenged: Like many emerging smaller states surrounded by powerful neighbours, during state formation, the Gas did not escape the threats of cultural dilutions and contaminations. A wise man will most likely be buried in a coffin-shaped like an antelope, while a dead fisherman (the predominant occupation of the Ga people) will mostly be sent to the ancestral realm in a fish-shaped coffin. Jacob has two sons with Rachel. today its part on Angola. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. of the similarities in Ga and Hebrew cultures. 1. They decided to stay when they realised that the Ga were reluctant to help them. In our globalized world, who dare you to tag a citizen as slave? People are held accountable in this community for their actions. She argued that these were emigrant refugee families of the Ga Boni, Ga Wo, Ga Mashie and the Obutu fleeing in separate parties from Tetetutu and other Benin parts, probably travelling along the beach, and eventually settled along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea, in the Greater Accra region. [13] Marion Kilson, African Urban Kinsman: The Ga of Central Accra, 1974. Yes, Professor Adu-Boahen(1975) sates that the Ga-Adangbe differ not only linguistically but also culturally from the Akans. According to oral traditions,. Some of them include Ga-Dangme, GaDangme, Ga-Adampa, Ga-Adangme, Ga-Danmeli, Ga-Adampe, Ga-Adangbe, Ga-Adanme, and Ga-Ada. Field, Social Organization of the Ga People, 1940. Commenting on the above assertions, Field (1937, p.72) intimates that, when the Ga-speaking emigrants arrived in the Gold Coast, neither they nor the aborigines had any military organization and since they were all farmers, the newcomers settled peaceably among them wherever there was a vacant territory. Needful to note also is that Ga women have been traders since the sixteenth century. There they sojourn for some time, before moving on to the Boni Island in the Niger Delta Basin. prominent kings in our history, Nii Oka mashi had said that, him and his people came from Boma. The growth of Accra was stimulated by the arrival of the Europeans, the first being the Portuguese, who built a small fort there in 1482. The activities require a lot of knowledge and are labour-intensive. Our manifesto: This is what YEN.com.gh believes in, Get the news that matters from one of the leading news sites in Ghana, BP back in Q1 profit after record loss on Russia exit, 2023 Met Gala: Burna Boy and Tems make fashionable debut as they attend the prestigious event, Japan Airlines' annual net profit returns to black, 'Godfather of AI' quits Google to warn of the tech's dangers, Asian markets open higher as investors weigh Wall Street losses, Child serial killers: 10 of the youngest serials killers in history. Nguyen Quoc Trung. The Ga-speaking peoples were organized into six independent towns (Accra, Osu, Labadi, Teshi, Nungua, and Tema). Some Ga peoples believe that they were part of Israel- migrating from south through Uganda, then along the Congo River, westward through Cameroon, Nigeria, Benin, Togo and finally to Greater Accra. They are mostly found at the Eastern part of Ghana and speak Akuapim Twi, Krobo, among other dialects. [2] They make up 3.7% of the population of Ghana. Have a good day. The Kusasi also utilize Hausa and Moore languages for trading; however, they have a great affiliation . Thus, the arrival of the refugee emigrant families changed the landscape when the people of Wo Sagba, Wo Doku, Wo Krowor and Wo Kpele established the coastal towns of Ga Mashie, La Boni, Nungua, Tema and later on Osu and Teshie respectively. But then, although there are different Gbe languages, the common one is the Ewe. Yen.com.gh also discussed how Christians celebrate Easter in Ghana. The main reason for this new migration according to Kilson (1974, pp.5-6) was the presence of the Portuguese and three other European powers that had by then established trading posts there, and were extending protection to the coastal towns and villages. The Ga have lived in southern Ghana for more than a thousand years. The abayan, cloth belonging to the deceased, which is torn to pieces, and each piece placed on the left wrist of the deceased relatives and very close friends, is an ancient Jewish custom. This first group was made up of the 12 Tribes of Israel and we can find the history/story in the Holy This in their view began with the establishment of a more centralized administration system, and military companies (Asafoi) under captains (Asafoiatsmi) that played prominent and important roles in the maintenance of law and order, as well as governance of these towns. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. While Akumadzei one of the seven quarters of Ga Mashie community was of Guan origin. In the early days, they wore this cloth for happy occasions only. Most of these narrations are based on oral traditions, myths, legends, folklores, music, religious songs and many other sources; including archaeological findings. Dangme is the language that is most used in the Greater Accra Plains. The other three quartersAlata or Nleshi, Sempe, and Akanmadzeare said to be of later origin. Between 1700-1250 BC, the then Egyptian king, King Thuthmos 2 ruled over the Hebrews who were slaves of These were the people who lived South of Goshen along the eastern parts of the Nile river. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! The tribe also believe there are good and bad spirits. Ga, also spelled Gan, or G, people of the southeast coast of Ghana, speaking a dialect of the Kwa branch of Niger-Congo languages. These are the languages that they speak in that area. Again they migrated across West Africa and finally stopped in Ghana, which became their permanent home. It is believed that the Ga-Dangmes Kingdom at AYAWASO was the first Kingdom in GHANA. The Ga-Adangbe people inhabit the Accra Plains. before moving on to their present home in Ghana. In view of this, each of these towns were independent from one another; had its own strip of territory which begins from Legon, Okaikoi, Lanma, Adzangote, etc. Each Ga town has a number of different cults and many gods, and there are a number of annual town festivals. celebration of Hmw = Passover which has changed due to a great faming experienced by the Gas along the It is interesting that Queen Dode (Dodi) Akabis name DODI is a Hebrew Name. Accra became the most prominent Ga town and is now the capital of Ghana. Thus while the Akans; Dagomba, Mamprusi and the Gonja, had always lived in centralised states under clan head bound together by kinship ties and chiefs, it was only later that nearly all the Ga-Adangbe and the Ewes of who lived in small communities under clan or lineage heads and traditional priests, adopted the institution of chieftaincy from the Akan peoples. Professor Odotei argues that the influx of non-Ga immigrants affected the composition of Ga traditional society which is, still the We- an ancestral house to which all those who trace descent through the male line of a common ancestor belong. These are divisions of the community jointly established by the Ga-speaking emigrants, Fante, Obutu, Akwamu and Kpshi aborigines. These four quarters make up Ussher Town, the area placed under Dutch jurisdiction in the seventeenth century. Who is the blackest person in the world, and is there a Guinness World Record for it? Some of the Ga who left for Glidzi also returned to seek help from the Ga in Accra in the eighteenth century but ended up staying in Accra permanently. To many history enthusiasts, this Accra- Glidzi or Gold Coast-Togo connections from Professor Irene Odotei, might not be overly circumstantial. Built in 1482 by the Portuguese in the area they called Mina de Ouro (the gold mine), after they found vast quantities of the precious metal there, the castle is the oldest European structure in sub-Saharan Africa. In this way, to quote Bruce-Myers (1927, p.168), the humble fishing villages which the Portuguese saw from their ships in the 1490s developed into the capital of the independent Republic of Ghana. Thus, this community which until the beginning of the twentieth century was limited to the confines of the Ga traditional settlements along the coast; between the Christiansborg Castle, Ussher and James Forts, and the Korle lagoon, has grown in leaps and bounds despite its chequered history. Ga-History and The Ga People of Ghana - Ga History Oral history traces our ancestry from the old - Studocu Talks about Gas in Ghana and their way of living and social practices, it is a great lecture note that allows you to know all about Ghana ga history oral Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew There are other celebrations and festivals that these people have to prepare for every year. Currently English is the official language ofGhanaand the Ga are a mixture of peoples concentrated in the capital, many first-language Ga speakers also know English, one or more of the Akan languages (Fante or Twi), and/or Ewe. The HOMOWO FESTIVAL (the PASSOVER) celebrated by the Ga-Dnagmes supports their claim that they are Hebrew Israelites, descendants of children of Jacob (Exodus 13: 1-10); Exodus 12: 1-50; Numbers 9:1-5, According to Abbey in his book KEDZI AFO JORDAN (1968), Ga-Dangmes tradition during which they put money in the coffins of their deceased relatives prior to burial is an ancient Hebrew Israelites custom. Through Zilpah, Jacob had Dan and Gad and four more sons. They were originally called Kush. This is part of the Gur language that is also dominant in northern Ghana. There are many preparations for dances and music that these people make. River). The Akan, Ewe, Mole-Dagbane, Guan, and Ga-Adangbe are prominent Ghana tribe. They speak a variety of Kwa languages of the Niger-Congo language family. This group was further split into 2 groups; with the first group travelling straight For examples, words such as Okyeame (linguist), Asafo (company or troop), Akwashon (corrupted form of eku eson council of seven), bitim, odono, atumpam (types of drums), pleko (iron nail), nklakla (light soup), ampeshi (boiled plantain), etc. Join YEN.com.gh's Telegram channel for more! Religion unfortunately has used its power to dominate and rule over certain people claiming all men worshiped numerous Gods and therefore had to be taken under control. Life on Krobo Mountain Priests can either be male or be female. So that is where the name T shi- Besides, in Ga religious expressions, mpai (libation), otutu (a mound of shrine) etc, are also of Akan origin. According to him, historically, the Ga of Ghana were believed to have once lived along the eastern part of the banks of the River Nile during the reign of Thothmes II, the then Pharaoh of Egypt, circa 1700 -1250 BCE. It appears that the slaves were shipped straight from Ghana to Jamaica and other ports that I have yet to explore. The Ga are descended from immigrants who came down the Niger River and across the Volta during the 17th century. At this point, it, away as possible from Egypt. Meanwhile, Astley (1968, pp.615-616) in describing the Ga towns said It stands six leagues inland, and it is called Great Akkra to distinguish it from Little Akkra situated on the coast, half way between Kormantin and Rio Volta. The female spirit mediums usually communicate with their voices, unlike in the case of male mediums. The Ga Mashie community as it is known today comprise of the seven Akutsii (quarters) made up of Asr, Sempi, Abola, Gbs, Akumadzei, Otublohum (Otubronu i.e. Ghana Table of Contents. I have a friend who prefers his name to be spelt and called Ampofu; instead of the traditional Ampofo. All quarters have clan houses known as, the original homes of Ga patrilineages, and chiefs called, Ham & Shem Egyptians Hebrews & Arabs in The land of the blacks Bilad al Sudan, The History of Ouidah aka Juda, Judea Judah Whydah, My Igbo & Akan slave ancestors from Jamaica & The Trans Atlantic Slave Trade connection. Gas are said to have lived predominantly on the southern parts of the River Nile which is present day The migration route of Ga-Adangbe saw them across Ethiopia and then down to Nigeria. Oral traditions had it that after the destruction of the Ayawaso Township by the Akwamu, and the death of the then Ga Mants Okaikoi in 1660, remnants of the Ga decided to come down from their hilly abode and join their friends and relations along the coast. The Ga-Adangbe people have a unique culture with many traditional economic and social benefits, which is still observed to date. These and ancient traditional customs still observed by Ga-Dangmes clearly lend credence to their claim that they are of Hebrew Israelites origins. These are but a few examples we can talk There are good and bad types of worship and the bad takes the direction of black magic, spirit worship and sacrifices to a number of Gods in my opinion and the opinion of some of the Ghanian community. Nii Oka For example, the Otublohum of Ga Mashie originally settled in Accra as representatives of the Akwamu government. 15 (2013), pp.1 -25 THE PEOPLE OF GHANA: THEIR ORIGINS AND CULTURES James Anquandah University of Ghana Introduction On the Making of History This paper argues for a philosophy of making a new history of Ghana - a history of the people, by the people and for the people. (Ga-Adangbe people, Origin and History, 2013 n.d) These marauding ants known to the Akans as nkrang, and whose aggressive nature were attributed to the powerful wandering Ga emigrant tribes; easily subdued other tribes as well as the Guans who were the aborigines of the land. [8] G. T. Stride and Ifeka, C. People and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in History 1000-1800, 1971. Here is a sneak preview of the major tribes and ethnic groups in Ghana. What is the traditional food of the Ga? Notwithstanding their historical tribulations as a smaller State, by their names; cultures, traditions, national contributions and the reoccurring socio-economic complaints and probably, unattended grievances, the woes of the Ga peoples, could be perhaps, summed up as one of unfortunate or self-inflicting- at least, as peoples who have been at the forefront of Gold Coasts socio-political realignment and self-determination. These symbols are considered sacred, and not everybody is allowed to view them. These are the Tarbon of Ga Mashie. [5] Margaret J. So he decided to let them go with Moses so that his people The festival means hooting for hunger. Nana Ansa Sasraku [King of Akwamu] also played an important role in the life of the King Osei Tutu of Asante. This Ga settlement areas is bounded on the East by the Tshemu lagoon near Tema, on the West by the Sakumofio River, the North by Akuapem Mountains and the South by the Gulf of Guinea. This assertion has been upheld by Kilson (1971, p.24) in her ethnographic study of the Ga, and had indicated that the shikwbii (aborigines) of the Ga countryside were the Kpshi people, whose dialects have survived only in the Kpele religious songs of worship and festivals. These three quarters are commonly called James Town and formed the original area of British jurisdiction at Accra. Alata was settled by Nigerian workers imported to construct a European fort. Around the turn of the twentieth century Accra experienced a series of disasters, including famines, a fire in 1894, an earthquake in 1906, bubonic plague, and the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919, as well as continuous emigration of skilled laborers. The great castle then became the African headquarters of the Dutch West Indies Company, whose business was supplying the needs of the New Worlds great plantations.
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