WebCourtesy of the United State Holocaust Memorial Museum. Holocaust of Non-Jewish Poles During WWII. He played a key role in organizing the Holocaust during the opening years of World War II. He became a naval cadet at Kiel, Germany's primary naval base. On that day, Klaus was cycling with his brother Heider Heydrich in the courtyard of the Castle Panensk Beany (Jungfern-Breschan). [89], On 27 September 1941, Heydrich was appointed Deputy Reich Protector of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (the part of Czechoslovakia incorporated into the Reich on 15 March 1939) and assumed control of the territory. "[107][108] Twenty thousand Jews were sent to concentration camps in the days immediately following;[109] historians consider Kristallnacht the beginning of the Holocaust. Anti-Jewish violence was forbidden for the duration, and news stands were required to stop displaying copies of Der Strmer. Halle was not spared. [54] On 9 June 1934, Rudolf Hess declared the SD the official Nazi intelligence service. To counteract these rumors, Heydrich told people he had joined several antisemitic and nationalist organizations, such as the Deutschvlkischer Schutz und Trutzbund. [3] He was also a friend of Lina Heydrich, Reinhard Heydrich's wife. The son was only ten years old when he left Panenske Brezany at the end of World War Two, so he did not know what war was then.'. [57] The purge became known as the Night of the Long Knives. By 1921, few townspeople there could afford a musical education at Bruno Heydrich's conservatory. Lina's older brother Hans had joined the Nazi Party and was a member of the Sturmabteilung (SA). [8] Lina later stated that Reinhard Heydrich never read Hitler's book, Mein Kampf. WebCzech Agents who had trained in Great Britain parachuted into German-occupied Czech territory to assassinate SS General Reinhard Heydrich in Prague.. Heydrich was the chief of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) in Berlinthe SS and police agency most directly concerned with implementing the Holocaust during World War II. [138], Heydrich was interred in Berlin's Invalidenfriedhof, a military cemetery. Heydrich was chief of the Reich Security Main Office (including the Gestapo, Kripo, and SD). Heider Heydrich, now 76, made an offer to the Panenske Brezany municipality to 'find finances' for the reconstruction of the chateau where he also lived. His father, Bruno Heydrich, was an opera singer. On July 31, 1941, Hermann Gring commissioned Heydrich to carry out a final solution to the Jewish question, authorizing him to take all organizational and administrative steps necessary for the extermination of the Jews. Seeing that the gate to the street was open, Klaus rode out onto the street where he was struck by a small truck coming down the road. Heydrich played a prominent role in the Holocaust. Many of Heydrich's fellow cadets falsely regarded him as Jewish. He was shy, insecure, and was frequently bullied for his high-pitched voice and rumoured Jewish ancestry. He was baptized a Roman Catholic. [132] A splenectomy was performed, and the chest wound, left lung, and diaphragm were all debrided. TRBS Host Ralph Bailey talks about the 2001 war film Conspiracy & how the film depicts the actions of Adolf Eichmann & Reinhard Heydrich at the beginning of the Holocaust. He was promoted to SS-Obergruppenfhrer und General der Polizei on 24 September 1941. Intelligence falsely linked the assassins to the towns of Lidice and Leky. Heydrich started his rule by terrorising the population: he proclaimed martial law, and 142 people were executed within five days of his arrival in Prague. He was the director of the music conservatory in Halle, which he had founded in 1901. By order of the Reichsfhrer-SS, residency without possession of an identification card is punishable by death. In August, he was transferred to Munich where he lived alone in a boarding house which rented rooms to unmarried SS men. Heydrich also organized the Einsatzgruppen (deployment groups), mobile killing squads that murdered almost one million Soviet and Polish Jews in German-occupied territories. [42], In January 1937, Heydrich directed the SD to secretly begin collecting and analysing public opinion and report back its findings. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [122], Earlier on 31 July 1941, Hermann Gring gave written authorisation to Heydrich to ensure the co-operation of administrative leaders of various government departments in the implementation of a "Final Solution to the Jewish question" in territories under German control. WebTIL legend states that Reinhard Heydrich, high ranking Nazi, is said to have worn the Bohemian crown while overseeing occupied Czechoslovakia, an act which if done by a usurper is said to mean certain death within a year. There is no evidence that he participated in the fighting, and when the skirmishes ended, he was part of the force assigned to protect private property. [166] It was his final combat mission. [6] Lina ignored this message, packed Reinhard's suitcase, and sent him to Munich. He was appointed SS chief for Berlin in 1934, and when Himmler became chief of all German police forces in 1936, Heydrich took charge of the SD, the criminal police, and the Gestapo. Reynard Heydrich lived in the lower castle and his family continued to live there until the Red Army forced them out in 1945. People were arrested arbitrarily, sent to concentration camps, or killed. [142] Hitler planned for Heydrich to have a monumental tomb (designed by sculptor Arno Breker and architect Wilhelm Kreis) but, due to Germany's declining fortunes, it was never built. [46] Within the Nazi organisation such innuendo could be damning, even for the head of the Reich's counterintelligence service. 1942), The History Learning Site - Biography of Reinhard Heydrich, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Reinhard Heydrich, Reinhard Heydrich - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Kubi received a minor shrapnel wound to his face. [9] Reinhard was an altar boy, attending evening prayers and Mass every week with his mother as part of the Catholic minority in Halle. Some children were chosen for Germanization, and 81 were murdered in gas vans at the Chemno extermination camp. WebFour children: Klaus (1933-1943), Heider (1934), Silke (1939), Marte (1942). The attacks were carried out by SA stormtroopers and civilians and presaged the Holocaust. [65], Heydrich was assigned to help organise the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Reinhard married Lina Heydrich on December 26 1931, at age 27. Soon afterward Heydrich and Adolf Eichmann began organizing the first deportations of Jews from Germany and Austria to ghettos in occupied Poland. During his 11 years with the SS Heydrich "rose from the ranks" and was appointed to every rank from private to full general. He was chief of the Reich Security Main Office, the SS and police agency most directly concerned with implementing the Nazi plan to murder Jews [52], Hermann Gring founded the Gestapo in 1933 as a Prussian police force. He helped organise Kristallnacht, a series of coordinated attacks against Jews throughout Nazi Germany and parts of Austria on 910 November 1938. Reinhard Heydrich, also known as The Butcher, rose to be Obergruppenfhrer of the notorious S.S. in Nazi Germany. Supporters of the assassins who were killed in the wake of these events included the church's leader, Bishop Gorazd, who is now revered as a martyr of the Orthodox Church. In 1965, she met Finnish theatre director Mauno Manninen while she was on a holiday trip to Finland. [137] Although Heydrich's death was employed for pro-Reich propaganda, Hitler privately blamed Heydrich for his own death, through carelessness: Since it is opportunity which makes not only the thief but also the assassin, such heroic gestures as driving in an open, unarmoured vehicle or walking about the streets unguarded are just damned stupidity, which serves the Fatherland not one whit. Heinz Heydrich was born in Halle an der Saale to composer Richard Bruno Heydrich and his wife Elisabeth Anna Maria Amalia [139] The exact burial spot is no longer public knowledgea temporary wooden marker that disappeared when the Red Army overran the city in 1945 was never replaced, so that Heydrich's grave could not become a rallying point for Neo-Nazis. Lina Heydrich (born Lina Mathilde von Osten; June 14, 1911 August 14, 1985) was the wife of assassinated SS-Obergruppenfhrer Reinhard Heydrich, a central figure in Nazi Germany. He received severance pay of 200 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 755 in 2021) a month for the next two years. But the "information" Heydrich had received was actually misinformation planted by Stalin himself in an attempt to legitimise his planned purges of the Red Army's high command. [35][36] Lina ignored this message, packed Heydrich's suitcase, and sent him to Munich. After a traitor in the Czech resistance betrayed their location,[147] the church was surrounded by 800 members of the SS and Gestapo. [98] The reprisals are referred to by Czechs as the Heydrichida. He often drove alone in a car with an open roof a show of his confidence in the occupation forces and in his government's effectiveness. None of Hitlers lieutenants did more to realize the Final Solution than Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich. Klaus died from his injuries later that afternoon and his body was buried in the garden of the estate. [85], Heydrich created the "Zentralstelle IIP Polen" unit of the Gestapo in order to co-ordinate the ethnic cleansing of Poles in "Operation Tannenberg" and the Intelligenzaktion,[86] two codenames for extermination actions directed at the Polish people during the German occupation of Poland. [45], In 1932, rumours were spread by Heydrich's enemies of his alleged Jewish ancestry. Heinz Siegfried Heydrich was the son of Richard Bruno Heydrich and the younger brother of SS General Reinhard Heydrich. On the afternoon of Tuesday, January 20, 1942, Chief of Security Police and the SD, Reinhard Heydrich, telephoned his superior, Reichsfhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler.He had much to tell him. [155][156][157], Heydrich's replacements were Ernst Kaltenbrunner as the chief of RSHA,[139] and Karl Hermann Frank (2728 May 1942) and Kurt Daluege (28 May 1942 14 October 1943) as the new acting Reichsprotektors. Reinhard Heydrich, also known as The Butcher, rose to be Obergruppenfhrer of the notorious S.S. in Nazi Germany. [12] Lina wanted to have the driver and all passengers shot, but the investigation found the driver not guilty. The exact number of people who vanished under it has never been positively established, but it is estimated to be 7,000. Conditions in Prague and the rest of the Czech lands were relatively peaceful under Heydrich, and industrial output increased. [100] Labor was reorganised on the basis of the German Labour Front. They became romantically involved and soon announced their engagement. [44] To mark the occasion of Heydrich's December wedding, Himmler promoted him to the rank of SS-Sturmbannfhrer (major). [46], In mid-1932, Himmler appointed Heydrich chief of the renamed security servicethe Sicherheitsdienst (SD). Eventually up to two-thirds of the populace were to be either removed to regions of Russia or exterminated after Nazi Germany won the war. Heinrich Mller was the Gestapo's operations chief. [18], In 1918, World War I ended with Germany's defeat. The daughter of a minor German aristocrat (he worked as a village schoolteacher), she joined the Nazi Party in 1929 and met Reinhard Heydrich in December 1930. Heydrich joined a Freikorps paramilitary unit in 1919 and entered the German navy in 1922. Updates? [136] Hitler attended and placed Heydrich's decorationsincluding the highest grade of the German Order, the Blood Order Medal, the Wound Badge in Gold, and the War Merit Cross 1st Class with Swordson his funeral pillow. The whole village was razed to the ground. [115] Heydrich ensured the safety of certain athletes, such as Paul Sommer, a Jewish German champion fencer he knew from his pre-SS days, and the Polish Olympic fencing team that competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics.[116]. [119] The officers attending also discussed taking 5,000 Jews from Prague "in the next few weeks" and handing them over to the Einsatzgruppen commanders Arthur Nebe and Otto Rasch. [84] For each prisoner, the SD had to fill in a questionnaire that listed personal information, country of origin, and the details of their crimes against the Reich. [130][131], A Czech woman went to Heydrich's aid and flagged down a delivery van. [145] She remarried once and died in 1985. He was placed on his stomach in the back of the van and taken to the emergency room at Bulovka Hospital. [100] Still, those measures could not hide shortages and increasing inflation; reports of growing discontent multiplied. [111][112], On Himmler's instructions, Heydrich formed the Einsatzgruppen (task forces) to travel in the wake of the German armies at the start of World War II. Moment commuter blasts eco-zealots, Royal superfans camping on The Mall ahead of King's Coronation, Historic chairs to be reused by the King for the coronation service, Hundreds of Household Division members rehearse for coronation, Russian freight train derails and bursts into flames after explosion, Women's rights activists and pro-trans campaigners separated, Cambridge students party in the park during annual celebrations, Moment bull suffers catastrophic injuries after leaping from bridge, LGBTQ+ supporters demand Ryan Webb resign at council meeting, Braverman: People crossing Channel are 'at odds with British values'. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. But after consultations with Karl Hermann Frank, he altered his response. At Wannsee, senior Nazi officials formalised plans to deport and exterminate all Jews in German-occupied territory and those countries not yet conquered. [80], Heydrich's SD forged documents and letters implicating Tukhachevsky and other Red Army commanders. [28] Heydrich married Lina in December 1931. Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich[8] was born in 1904 in Halle an der Saale to composer and opera singer Richard Bruno Heydrich and his wife, Elisabeth Anna Maria Amalia Heydrich (ne Krantz). Their mother was the daughter of the head of the Royal Conservatory of Dresden.
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