However, required annual precipitation depends on factors such as distribution of rain over the year, temperatures over the year and fog presence, and definitions in other regions of the world differ considerably. The distribution of large-scale ecosystems (biomes) is determined by climate. Some 500 people reside within the park. Average annual temperatures in temperate rainforests typically range from 40 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit (4 to 21 degrees Celsius). I hadnt realized that England has its share of TRF , I thought it was the preserve of Scotland and wales. File:Temperate rainforest map.svg is a vector version of this file. The Valdivian forests are a refuge for the Antarctic flora, and share many plant families and genera with the temperate rainforests of New Zealand, Tasmania, and Australia. Harden, G., McDonald, B. The Woodland Trust and Woodland Trust Nature Detectives logos are registered trademarks. Invertebrate species include the Kerry slug and it is an important site for amphibians. Vegetation wilsoniana). Its heartening to read of these special places getting attention. Omissions? Essentially, these areas do not experience extremely cold or extremely hot temperatures. The main kinds of trees found in the temperate rainforest biome include oaks, beeches, walnut trees, lime trees, sycamores, aspens, elms, tulip trees, and birches. Chiba: Chiba University Publications. Although only tiny fragments remain today, the west coast of Britain would have supported far more rainforests in the period between the last Ice Age and the Bronze Age; some of our rainforests were cut down as recently as the 20th century. In fact, the most important characteristic of a desert is that it receives very little rainfall. Rainforests in the UK are part of the Coastal Temperate Rainforest biome. Looking at the pictures of the temperate rainforests in the UK I saw resemblances to the forests in my areaNova Scotia, Canada. They bear naturally fleshy stone fruits. Precipitation in Olympic's rain forest ranges from 140 to 167 inches (12 to 14 feet) every year. The mild and wet environment supports the high diversity of fungi. This led to the destruction of many of our rainforests. Birches originate in Southeast Asia and Europe and thrive in sandy and peaty soils. Few people realise that Britain harbours fragments of a globally rare habitat: temperate rainforest. The European Union has recognised the park as a Site of Community Importance. This ecoregion is a subregion of the Cascadia bioregion . More precisely, these forests exist between latitudes 25 and 50 on either side of the equator. 2296645), is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Woodland Trust. A good example of this habitat could contain over 200 different species of bryophytes and 100-200 species of lichen. A diverse amount of photosynthesis occurs based on the location and microclimates of the forest. Rainforests once attributed to 14% of the entire earths cover. Much of these forests are protected in mountain and marine national forests, such as in Hallyeohaesang National Park, which encompasses 150.14km2 (57.97sqmi) of mountainous forests spread out over 69 uninhabited islands and 30 inhabited islands in Korea's South Sea that provide a home to 1,142 plant species, including major species such as red pine, black pine, common camellia, serrata oak, and cork oak, as well as rare species such as nadopungnan (sedirea japonica), daeheongnan (cymbidium nipponicum) and the Korean winter hazel. The green areas on the map below show just how rare it is. They are located in North America, Europe, and Asia. Temperate rainforests filled with evergreen and laurel trees are lower and less dense than other kinds of rainforests because the climate is more equable, with a moderate temperature range and well-distributed annual rainfall. Major temperate rainforest zones in Britain are on the west coast of Scotland; Snowdonia and the Elenydd in Wales; and in England, the Lake District, Forest of Bowland, Yorkshire Dales, Pennines, and Westcountry. The hallmarks of British temperate rainforest: polypody ferns, mosses and lichens carpet branches on trees growing along the O Brook, Dartmoor. However, this precipitation is not uniform throughout the year. Animals that are not able to adapt migrate in the winter. The monastery of Monastery of San Xon de Caaveiro also lies within the park. In some ways, British temperate rainforest is a recent re-discovery or re-branding of a habitat previously known by other names. Major animals species, such as otters, small-eared cats, and badgers also call Hallyeohaesang National Park home, and overall there are 25 mammal species, 115 bird species, 16 reptile species, 1,566 insect species, and 24 freshwater fish species found among the forested, mountains islands. As part of theAlliance for Scotlands Rainforest, we're on a mission to protect and enhance this globally important habitat for the special wildlife that depends upon it. Coniferous trees that also grow here include pine, spruce, and fir. In the North American and European regions where ice-sheet development during glacial intervals was most extensive, the distances that had to be traversed were greatest, and many species simply died out. Mean annual temperature is between 4 and 12C (39 and 54F). In general, species composition of this refugium is quite distinct and differs from that of the other Western Eurasian refugia. Elms originate in Southwest Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Has triggered my interest and I will be out photographing and submitting what I find. In the summer the temperature can climb to 16.5C (61.7F), while during winter the temperature can drop below 7C (45F).[12]. It should be used in place of this PNG file when not inferior. The majority of surviving fragments of Atlantic Oakwoods in Britain occur on steep-sided slopes above rivers and lakes which have avoided clearance and intensive grazing pressure. In these low elevation valleys the temperature seldom drops below freezing and summertime highs rarely exceed 80F. What is the cut off before you have to say that a bit of moss growing on some trees is not really remnant rainforest? Introduced to the UK around 1760, its an aggressive coloniser that reduces the biodiversity value of a site. This pretty much explains why this biome is referred to as temperate rainforest. Experience Britain's rainforest for yourself. Vinatovaa is situated in the central Kuaj mountains in the Upper Resava region, at an altitude between 640m (2,100ft) and 800m (2,600ft). - Northwestern coast from northern California to southern Alaska. Great that these wonderful patches of woodland are being recognised as really special. Their greenery is hemispherical shaped, with thin and pale brown branches. If this practice goes on unabated, almost half of the animal and plant species in the world would be threatened or destroyed. barbata), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus and C. orientalis), Caucasian wingnut (Pterocarya fraxinifolia), chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia), Caucasian oak (Quercus macranthera), oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica) and Persian silk tree (Albizia julibrissin). We've got thousands of woods, free for you to visit, across the UK. Rainforests are one of the most biodiverse habitats in the UK. Temperate rainforest biomes are found all over the world, in different climates andlocations. If not how does this affect incentives for landowners to restore these as target systems? These of course left a lot of dead material behind although the snags could stand for decades, providing habitat for various creatures. Temperate rain forests occur in the Valdivian temperate rain forests and Magellanic subpolar forests ecoregions. This soil is less rich in nutrients, but it still contains high levels of organicmatter. These plant species have developed immaculate mechanisms to harness and utilize low-light intensity, which gives them the ability to get by even when the vegetation or greenery grows and entirely covers the soil below. Thank you very much for this! Migrant birds such as pied flycatcher, wood warbler, redstart and tree pipit thrive in the insect-rich conditions temperate rainforests offer, flying here to breed each summer. By definition, a temperate forest is a forest that lies in the region sandwiched by the tropics and the worlds polar regions on either side of the equator. They have dense canopy cover and an understory of mosses and lichens.. The Hydrangea hirta species is an endemic deciduous species that can be found in this area. Over 2,000 species live in this area and scientists estimate many unidentified fungi may be there.[10]. Take action: help map the lost rainforests of Britain, https://savingscotlandsrainforest.org.uk/, Life finds a way: in search of Englands lost, forgotten rainforests | Norfolk Green Care Network, Save the Rainforests, UK Edition - Curious Earth | Environment & Climate Change, Lost Rainforests of Britain campaign calls on public to map Britains temperate rainforest Lost Rainforests of Britain, Temperate Rainforest | Our Spectrum Adventures. Grasses vary in size from 2.1 m (7 ft) tall with roots extending down into the soil 1.8 m (6 ft), to the short grasses growing to a height of only 20 to 25 cm (8 to 10 . This subtype is sometimes called temperate rain forest (see temperate forest), although this term is properly applied only to broad-leaved evergreen forests of the Southern Hemisphere. More precisely, these forests exist between latitudes 25 and 50 on either side of the equator. Because of relatively infertile soils on granite, Yakushima's forests in higher elevations are dominated by a giant conifer species, Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), rather than deciduous forests typical of the mainland. Thank you. These forests grow wildly in the United States, Asia, Europe, and other places. It obstructs the regeneration of woodlands and once established, its difficult and costly to eradicate. Through satellite data, the radiation use efficiency (RUE) calculates the annual amount of photosynthesis that occurs in temperate rainforests. We are fast losing earths greatest natural treasures when we are just starting to appreciate their unique value. A related type of this forest is the tropical coniferous forests, which, as the name suggests, grows in tropical climates. In the Appalachian region of the United States, the soil is composed of more clay and less sand. A coastal temperate rainforest occupies a necessarily narrow strip of land between an ocean and a mountain range. and there she stood, The woodlands are variously referred to in Britain as Upland Oakwoods, Atlantic Oakwoods, Western Oakwoods or Temperate Rainforest, Caledonian forest, and colloquially as 'Celtic Rainforests'. [37] The main tree species are members of beech family (Fagaceae). It helps to support a wide variety of plants and animals, and it provides them with the resources they need to thrive. GB520 6111 04. Everyones heard of tropical rainforests. Beeches do well in wet conditions, with moldy and airy soils, but far from harsh winter frost. It's a kind of coastal temperate rainforest, which itself is incredibly rare on a global level. Corrections? The tree line is at about 2,400m in the northern part of the ecoregion (35S), and descends to 1,000m in the south of the Valdivian region. Additionally pockets of temperate rainforest occur in dreary climates that are not categorized by just annual precipitation but also number of cloudy days as well as number of days of measurable precipitation in the form of rain or snow. The small and fragmented nature of our rainforest also reduces its resilience against other threats, such as pests, diseases and climate change. The tops of these trees collect most of the rain, moisture, and photosynthesis that the rainforest takes in. However, they are relatively few in Western Europe. Category:Rainforests == Licensing == {{self|GFDL}} 10:35, 16 June 2006: 1,393 628 (51 KB) The ocean must be near to moderate the climate, and the mountains must be near to catch the rain. Put more simply: temperate rainforests are very damp woodlands so damp that plants grow on other plants. Learn about and revise tropical rainforests, their characteristics and the threats they face, with GCSE Bitesize Geography (AQA). Some of the shortleaf trees that grow in these forests include oaks, beeches, birches, and maples. Perhaps there have been studies of this? Everyone's heard of tropical rainforests. This process produces a particular type of soil composed of high levels of organic matter, imparting it with dark brown coloration and rich nutrient composition. ), Japanese Chinquapin (Castanopsis cuspidata) and Japanese Stone Oak (Lithocarpus edulis),[37] and in higher altitudes Japanese Blue Beech (Fagus japonica) and Siebold's beech (Fagus crenata).[38]. Really enjoyed learning about this. In Southeast Alaska and British Columbia the forest forms a band about 100 miles wide, but then . Unlike the sturdy lowland oak, whose mighty trunks provided timber for Englands navy, many saw the twisted and stunted oaks of Britains temperate rainforests as useless, good only for fuel or charcoal. The first forests were dominated by giant horsetails, club mosses, and ferns that stood . The wet conditions of these forests allow for the growth of undergrowth, which includes ferns, shrubs, and mosses. It appears that the stones and the trees distortions may have discouraged ancient woodsmen and that the cow preference for smooth terrain save the lone escapee. A variety of species survive in the canopy. So lets bring back Britains lost rainforests. Its lush conditions are perfect for scarce plants, lichens and fungi, as well as remarkable birds and mammals. WOW! Bird species like cardinals, broad-winged hawks, pleated woodpeckers, and snowy owls exist in this biome. On the eastern. These tree species are generally medium-sized and can grow up to 25 meters tall. Winter months normally leave the ground frozen, making it hard for them to absorb water. Tropical rainforests are found in Central and South America, western and central Africa, western India, Southeast Asia, the island of New Guinea, and Australia. In Eastern Asia, there are scattered pockets of temperate rainforest in what is known as the Russian Far East (Ussuri, Outer Manchuria, Sakhalin) in Asia where the climate is also continental in nature, but get enough precipitation and cloud cover to harbor significant pockets of temperate rainforest. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, The Biodiversity Hotspot Of The Valdivian Temperate Rainforest, Meet 12 Incredible Conservation Heroes Saving Our Wildlife From Extinction, India's Leopard God, Waghoba, Aids Wildlife Conservation In The Country, India's Bishnoi Community Has Fearlessly Protected Nature For Over 500 Years, Wildfires And Habitat Loss Are Killing Jaguars In The Amazon Rainforest, In India's Sundarbans: Where People Live Face-To-Face With Wild Tigers, Africa's "Thunderbird" Is At Risk Of Extinction. Contact Us . It would be nice to know the extent of natural recruitment, something about the nutrient cycle, soil/geological profile, and soil microbiome function. A Wisconsin forest. This includes the Fowey valley in Cornwall and the valley of the river Dart which flows off Dartmoor and has rainfall in excess of 2metres per year.[14]. menziesii), Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis), Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and Western redcedar (Thuja plicata) are the most important tree species. Some of the best preserved examples of forest are found in Kirishima-Yaku National Park on the Island of Yakushima off of Kysh in a very wet climate (the annual rainfall is 4,000 to 10,000mm depending on altitude). However, research suggests that this type of soil is an essential part of the ecosystem. As you can see, its a globally rare habitat, and the UKs temperate rainforest is of international importance. A few other coastal strips exist that have temperate rainforests such as small parts in the U.K., New Zealand, Japan, South Australia, and Norway. Compared to tropical rainforest biomes, temperate rainforest biomes harbor very few mammals due to the absence of a series of sophisticated layers and the fact that the vegetation is seasonal. Sclerophyllous forests occur particularly in Australia and in the Mediterranean region. There are also a number of ancient woodlands in North Somerset where I grew up such as Bourton Combe. They have richer biotas than the sclerophyllous or deciduous forests that grow in more stressful environments at similar latitudes, although they are less rich than the tropical rainforests where. In Australia rainforests occur near the mainland east coast and in Tasmania. As opposed to tropical rainforests, temperate rainforests experience major seasonal changes. But we also have rainforests in Europe! They are classified as Ulmaceae plants and can grow up to 30 meters tall. Plenty of rain and a mild climate provide the perfect conditions for moisture-loving plants. The existing protected areas in Azerbaijan include: These forests are found in eastern Taiwan and Taiwan's Central Mountain Ranges, part of the Taiwan subtropical evergreen forest region covering the higher elevations. By 4,000 years ago in China the same process led to the removal of most broad-leaved and deciduous forests. Like Eastern North America, much precipitation is in the form of rain and snow. Temperate rainforests are located along some coasts in temperate zones. They vary in their species composition, but are all predominantly coniferous, sometimes with an understory of broadleaved trees and shrubs. They are characterized by a temperate climate with high humidity levels. Ideally, the fog contributes 18-30 cm (7-12 in) of precipitationevery summer. Theyve proved, over the years, to be resilient (not affected by industrial waste), which is why they commonly grow in towns and cities. Animals living in the temperate rainforest must develop adaptation to the ever-changing seasons. Cool-temperate rainforests are widespread in Tasmania (Tasmanian temperate rain forests ecoregion) and they can be found scattered from the World Heritage listed Border Ranges National Park and Lamington National Park on the NSW/Queensland border to Otway Ranges, Strzelecki Ranges, Dandenong Ranges and Tarra Bulga in Victoria. In contrast, evergreen forestsexcepting boreal forests, which are covered in boreal foresttypically grow in areas with mild, nearly frost-free winters. The average rainfall in these areas is about 55 inches while the mean annual temperature ranges from 39 to 54F. In the northern NSW they are usually dominated by Antarctic Beech (Nothofagus moorei), in the southern NSW by Pinkwood (Eucryphia moorei) and Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum) and in Victoria and Tasmania by Myrtle Beech (Nothofagus cunninghamii), Southern Sassafras (Atherosperma moschatum) and Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans). They are usually grayish-brown in color and have long, prehensile tails. "Caucasus", pp. There are alot of parcels of woodland in the Forest of Dean that I believe fall into this category. One season (winter) is quite long and wet, and the other (summer) is short, dry, and foggy. For example, in the Amazon rainforest, the rainfall is much higher than in the temperate rainforests of North America. 1982873. The temperate rainforest bioclimatic zone in Britain has been mapped by Christopher Ellis (2016) (see below). Some are not just rare in the UK, but are globally scarce. Temperate rainforests have two different seasons. This particular area of Honsh has been described as one of the rainiest spots in Japan. In Western North America, the Columbia Mountains of British Columbia, northern Idaho and northwestern Montana have more of a continental climate and have pockets of temperate coniferous rainforest. The Valdivian rainforests are home to a variety of broadleaf evergreen trees, like Aextoxicon punctatum, Eucryphia cordifolia, and southern beech (Nothofagus), but include many conifers as well, notably Alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides), one of the largest tree species of the world. Ive moved from England to Galicia in northern Spain. Moreover, the temperature can also vary greatly within a single rainforest location. Red spruce and Fraser fir are dominant canopy trees in high mountain areas. The trees in this biome stay dormant and blossom again during spring. Temperate rainforests are forests in the mid-latitudes that are cool and wet due to marine influence and heavy rainfall. Coastal temperate rainforest is a globally rare habitat. The region in which temperate forests lies is known as the temperate zone. In higher elevation (over 1,980 metres (6,500ft)), Fraser fir is dominant, in middle elevation (1,675 to 1,890 metres (5,495 to 6,201ft)) red spruce and Fraser fir grow together, and in lower elevation (1,370 to 1,650 metres (4,490 to 5,410ft)) red spruce is dominant. Another I can think of which could qualify are parts of the woodland on the Waterfall walk in Ingleton in the Yorkshire Dales. The Colchian rain forests are mixed, with deciduous black alder (Alnus glutinosa), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus and C. orientalis), Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) together with evergreen Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana, the tallest tree in Europe at 78 m), Caucasian spruce (Picea orientalis) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). But our rainforest is threatened. Throughout the short, dry, and foggy season, the temperature hardly exceeds 27C or 80F. Undoubtedly some of the UK finest habit and so shockingly scarce. The understory layer and the forest floor consist of less vegetation. Also in summer, when its relatively dry, the weather is considerably cool as the fog supplies sufficient moisture to enable the rainforest to thrive. The map shows the . The forests are made up of coniferous podocarps and broadleaf evergreen trees. Its lush conditions are perfect for scarce plants, lichens and fungi, as well as remarkable birds and mammals. Temperate rainforests are characterized by mild climates or temperatures. Also known as: laurel forest, temperate evergreen forest, temperate rain forest. Lungwort is a large, leafy lichen that literally looks like the lungs of the rainforest. Hazel gloves fungus (Hypocreopsis rhododendri) is a conservation priority species that almost exclusively grows on old hazel trees. In summer months, the animal species of this ecosystem feed particularly on winged seeds and wall nuts that keep for a long duration. Some of the vegetation and trees growing in these forests include pine, cedar, Douglas fir, spruce, and juniper. During the rapid climatic fluctuations of the past two million years in which conditions alternated between dry, cold glacial statesthe ice ages of some northern temperate regionsand warmer, moister interglacial intervals, tree species of temperate forests had to migrate repeatedly to remain within climates suitable for their survival. We've already achieved so much at the woods we own and care for in the west coast rainforest zone, but there is still a great deal more to do. To put it clearly, temperate rainforests experience vast amounts of rainfall but feature a cooler average temperature than tropical rainforests. The northward-flowing oceanic Humboldt Current creates humid and foggy conditions near the coast. In the world, they occur in places such as New Zealand, the southwestern region of South America, southeast Australia, southern Japan, and other regions. By definition, a temperate forest is a forest that lies in the region sandwiched by the tropics and the world's polar regions on either side of the equator. a lone recruit Our lost rainforests may also extend beyond the main zones shown in Ellis map, into damp ravines and steep-sided gorges across the western seaboard of the country, where the moist microclimates can support epiphytes. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Learn About Temperate Rainforests Around the World. Ideal conditions for temperate rainforest are found along the UK's western seaboard, including: Even within the UK, the location of this kind of woodland can influence the condition and species present at each rainforest site. [34][39] Other areas include Mount Kirishima near Kagoshima in southern Kysh. The area was declared a natural park (a level of protection lower than national park) in 1997. The average annual precipitation of a temperate rainforest biome is 200cm. In New Zealand about half the forested area, which previously had covered almost the entire country, was destroyed by fire brought to the island by the Polynesian inhabitants who arrived 1,000 years before the Europeans. [32] It has been left undisturbed for centuries due to strict conservation laws starting in the 17th century. Some plant species have become shade tolerant in order to survive. In the other ecoregions, Coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. The tallest trees in rainforests have their leaves typically approximately 15 to 30 centimeters from the ground, including a dense layer of small trees and shrubs beneath, at about 5 to 10 meters. Otherwise known as Atlantic woodland, temperate rainforest is found in areas subject to the influence of the sea (places with 'high oceanicity'). Any clear idea on the spccies composition of ancient rainforest in the UK? This is fascinating. They are broadleaf evergreen forests with the exception of montane rainforests of Tasmania. The biggest temperate rainforests are located on the Pacific coast of North America. A temperate rainforest is a forest that receives a high amount of rainfall and is located in a temperate region (i.e., between the tropics and the polar regions in both the north and south hemispheres). In the Valdivian region the Andean Cordillera intercepts moist westerly winds along the Pacific coast during winter and summer months; these winds cool as they ascend the mountains, creating heavy rainfall on the mountains' west-facing slopes. DellaSala, Temperate and Boreal Rainforests of the World: Ecology and Conservation (2011). Fruits produced by the rose tree, apple tree, gooseberry, Hawthorne, and others almost always ripen at the same time (during late summer) and are chiefly used in summer for fat storage. Most of the lower elevations are covered by subtropical broadleaf evergreen forests, dominated by Chinese Cryptocarya (Cryptocarya chinensis), Castanopsis hystrix and Japanese Blue Oak (Quercus glauca). Eucalypt forests are not classified as rainforests although some eucalypt forest types receive high annual rainfall (to over 2000mm in Tasmania[40]), and in the absence of fire they may develop to rainforest. They thrive in temperate climates with the United States being the largest producer. Soil scientists are still working to understand the full effects of temperate rainforest biome soil on plant growth and biodiversity. The canopy's coverage affects the shade tolerance levels of forest floor plants. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. Temperate rainforest soil is characterized by its dark color, high levels of organic matter, excellent water-holding capacity, and high nutrient levels. I think we will probably do some latter day re-exploring ! In Eastern North America, there are scattered pockets of temperate rainforest along the Allegheny Plateau and adjacent parts of the Appalachian Mountains from West Virginia to New England. To ensure the longevity of these vital ecosystems for future generations, we must recognize their value and increase our knowledge of the species that inhabit them. It is believed that trees have not been cut in Vinatovaa since about 1650. These places have high rainfall and humidity and a low annual variation in temperature. These can also be dated with C-14. Over 2,000 animal species live in Seoraksan, including the Korean goral, musk deer, and there are also more than 1,400 rare plant species, such as the edelweiss. VAT No. Below is a highlight of some of the tree species: Oaks are tree species that can grow up to 40 m tall. Today, the figure has dropped to a measly 6%, and biologists have warned that the remaining rainforests could be decimated in the next 40 years. There are a number of species of ferns. Derrycunnihy Wood, located in the Killarney National Park, is the best example of the ancient damp-climate oceanic forest that covered an estimated 80 percent of Ireland prior to the arrival of humans in 7,000 BCE. I suspect that the mere exclusion of their ruminations might bring the forest back. Considering the word rain is found in the word rainforest, it tells you right off that this biome receives plenty of rainfall. Temperate deciduous forest - found across Europe and in the USA. Temperate rainforests are a coastal biome that has moderate temperatures and high precipitation, often found between 30 to 50 degrees latitude in both hemispheres. Later on, sciophilus plants (plant species that love shade) begin to grow. Precipitation On average, this biome receives 750 to 1,500 millimeters (30 to 59 inches) of rain per year. Find out how we're giving fragile habitats a future. These are large tree species that grow up to 20 meters tall. The Appalachian temperate rainforest is located in the southern Appalachian Mountains of the eastern U.S. About 351,500 square kilometers (135,000 square miles) of forest land is spread across eastern Kentucky, southwestern Virginia , western North Carolina , the northwestern portion of South Carolina , northern Georgia , northern Alabama, and eastern Tennessee . The Vinatovaa rainforest, alternatively spelled vintovaa, is the only rainforest in Serbia.
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