which of the following countries represents a high context culture

[61][62] As different cultures dictate distinctive norms, culture shock is also studied to understand how people react when they are confronted with other cultures. Which of the following countries is considered a high-context Coye, N. dir. 2) "[11] Terror management theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the basis for perceiving themselves as "person[s] of worth within the world of meaning"raising themselves above the merely physical aspects of existence, in order to deny the animal insignificance and death that Homo sapiens became aware of when they acquired a larger brain. In the United States, Lindlof and Taylor write, "cultural studies [were] grounded in a pragmatic, liberal-pluralist tradition. North Americans value straightforwardness and are suspicious of evasiveness. Cultures are externally affected via contact between societies. b. Culture is shaped by attitudes learned in adulthood. (a) Bias is \qquad (c) freedom from the fear of punishment. When speaking with someone for whom English is a second language, you should talk slowly, enunciate clearly, check frequently for comprehension, observe eye messages, listen without interrupting, and. Emphasis on a relationship order depending on status, and observance of this order; Emphasis on persistence and perseverance; Positive association with economic growth; Inclination toward interrelatedness represented in sensitivity toward social contacts. ", "the works and practices of intellectual and especially artistic activity.". A second major volume, "Culture and Leadership across the World: The GLOBE Book of In-Depth Studies of 25 Societies" became available in early 2007. Which statement about ethnocentrism is most accurate? [12][13], The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act imaginatively and creatively. b. High-context cultures promote the development of ingroups. This type of cultural sociology may be loosely regarded as an approach incorporating cultural analysis and critical theory. Military Manual." Read:Discussion Background and answer all, You work for an auto manufacturer designing brake systems, but you do not have a dedicated team. Confrontation is accepted as an attribute. Japan, along with China and Arab countries, is a high-context culture. Emphasis on personal enjoyment, fun, and pleasure, over duties and social norms. Which of the following countries would be considered individualistic cultures: Which of the following countries would be considered low-context cultures: The degree to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous . Expert Answer. In contrast, low-context cultures rely on explicit verbal communication. They depend little on the context of a situation to convey meaning. In 2004, its first comprehensive volume on "Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies" was published, based on results from about 17,300 middle managers from 951 organizations in the food processing, financial services, and telecommunications services industries. We will look at how the country's culture . Additionally, Japan has a stronger emphasis on hierarchy, with hierarchical relationships being deeply embedded in the culture. As the field developed, it began to combine political economy, communication, sociology, social theory, literary theory, media theory, film/video studies, cultural anthropology, philosophy, museum studies, and art history to study cultural phenomena or cultural texts. teaches its members how to behave and conditions their reactions. [vii], [ii] online.seu.edu/articles/high-and-low-context-cultures/, [iii] courses.candelalearning.com/-by-culture-2/, [iv] https://www.cleverism.com/understanding-cultures-people-hofstede-dimensions/, [v] courses.candelalearning.com/-by-culture-2/, [vi] http://tevinsic.blogspot.com/2012/03/cultural-patterns-and-communication_02.html, [vii] https://www.inspireimagineinnovate.com/pdf/globesummary-by-michael-h-hoppe.pdf. Businesses today generate a wide range of messages using a variety of media. China Explanation- High context culture countries are those where most of the people are highly educated and they follow certain norms and rituals and they b. These scholars reject the abstracted postmodern aspects of cultural sociology, and instead, look for a theoretical backing in the more scientific vein of social psychology and cognitive science.[41]. They also depend little on the context of a situation to convey their meaning. Future Orientation: The extent to which individuals engage in future-oriented behaviors such as delaying gratification, planning, and investing in the future. Richard Hoggart coined the term in 1964 when he founded the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies or CCCS. High-context According to this theory, religion evolves from more polytheistic to more monotheistic forms. It is similar to other high context cultures in terms of its group orientation and emphasis on social harmony, but has some unique characteristics such as a more individualistic approach to problem solving and a stronger emphasis on hierarchy. [71][72][73], This article is about culture as used in the social sciences and humanities. Answer Key. Experiencing fewer discrimination lawsuits, fewer union clashes, and less government regulatory action The situation, people, and non-verbal elements are more important than the actual words that are communicated. United States Members of the culture place emphasis on interpersonal relationships. Technology has not affected how and why we communicate. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. Your email address will not be published. Presence technology, videoconferencing, and cloud computing are communication technologies being used by many companies today. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. According to research conducted by international business scholar Geert Hofstede, Japan is similar to China, South Korea, and India in terms of its high context culture. Cultural change, or repositioning, is the reconstruction of a cultural concept of a society. Which word would be, To prevent reactions due to language usage, Peter should probably use "layoff" to describe his company's need to let go of employees. From the 1970s onward, Stuart Hall's pioneering work, along with that of his colleagues Paul Willis, Dick Hebdige, Tony Jefferson, and Angela McRobbie, created an international intellectual movement. McClenon, James. Such perspectives are common in the discipline of cultural studies. Which of the following countries would likely view a business contract as a binding document? Improving employee relationships and increasing productivity c.is created by a structured educational system. However, there are some key differences between Japan and the other countries. When exchanging important information with someone for whom English is a second language, you should confirm the results and agreements in writing. The Self in a Social Context: Help and Review, Figure-Ground Perception: Definition & Examples, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Introduction to Social Psychology: Help and Review, Research Methods and Ethics: Help and Review, Social Cognition & Perception: Help and Review, The Self: Executive and Organizational Functions & Gender and Cultural Differences, Introspection and Self-Awareness Theory in Psychology: Definition & Examples, Self-Perception Theory: Definition and Examples, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Education: Definition & Examples, Two-Factor Theory of Emotions: Definition and Relation to the Misattribution of Arousal, Social-Comparison Theory: Upward vs. Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? Cultural sociologists tend to reject scientific methods, instead hermeneutically focusing on words, artifacts and symbols. average, one in five hate crimes in the United States target people on the In 1860, Adolf Bastian (18261905) argued for "the psychic unity of mankind. a. [63] Cultural lenses may also make people view the same outcome of events differently. Individualism Fostering contractual relationships that revolve around the fundamentals of exchange. b. (b) Impunity is \qquad (d) the inability to break a habit. Which of the following statements about today's business environments is most accurate? Edward T. Hall introduced the concept of high-context cultures, which he defined as cultures whose rules of communication rely heavily on contextual elements. Low-context and high-context cultures are the ends of a continuum portraying how cultures communicate. It is also used to denote the complex networks of practices and accumulated knowledge and ideas that are transmitted through social interaction and exist in specific human groups, or cultures, using the plural form. Exploring the Life and Legacy of the Ancient Greek Mathematician, Are Fairlife Protein Shakes Healthy? I have a passion for learning and enjoy explaining complex concepts in a simple way. For example, after tropical forests returned at the end of the last ice age, plants suitable for domestication were available, leading to the invention of agriculture, which in turn brought about many cultural innovations and shifts in social dynamics. Required fields are marked *. Martin Lindstrom asserts that Kulturbrille, which allow a person to make sense of the culture they inhabit, "can blind us to things outsiders pick up immediately."[38]. This website helped me pass! Environmental conditions may also enter as factors. Humane Orientation: The degree to which a collective encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring, and kind to others. on the context of a situation to convey their meaning. Societies that have small power distance possess the following features: Participative or consultative style of management; Decision-making responsibility and authority decentralized; Questioning the authority and lack of acceptance; Tolerance toward differing opinions and behaviors. (c) Michael Jordan Cultural sociology was then reinvented in the English-speaking world as a product of the cultural turn of the 1960s, which ushered in structuralist and postmodern approaches to social science. Additionally, the language provides clues to its high context nature, and family and community play an important role in shaping the culture. They show hostility or indifference toward out-group members; Emphasis on harmony and hierarchy within group; Regulation of behavior with the help of group norms. Some other, communication and collaborative technologies being used today include social media, Web and voice conferencing, blogs, wikis, podcasts, and social, Communicators from North America, Scandinavia, and Germany tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. creating an entirely online presence. [28] As these forms were associated with urban life, "culture" was identified with "civilization" (from Latin: civitas, lit. Theme: Newsup by Themeansar. In order to gain a better understanding of Japans high context culture, we interviewed several people who have lived and worked in the country. Instead, you move from project to project, joining a new team and project when your current project is, You prepare notes for a staff meeting to present potential solutions to the lingering problem. Select an answer and submit. [17], Social conflict and the development of technologies can produce changes within a society by altering social dynamics and promoting new cultural models, and spurring or enabling generative action. In this field researchers often concentrate on how particular phenomena relate to matters of ideology, nationality, ethnicity, social class, and/or gender. 33. The UN and UNESCO promote cultural preservation and cultural diversity through declarations and legally-binding conventions or treaties. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of cultures across societies. Anthropologist Edward T. Hall first discussed high-context culture in his 1976 book titled Beyond Culture. tolerance Still, in this context, it refers to the replacement of traits of one culture with another, such as what happened to certain Native American tribes and many indigenous peoples across the globe during the process of colonization. c. Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that. and more. Culture (/kltr/) is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups. Some schools of philosophy, such as Marxism and critical theory, have argued that culture is often used politically as a tool of the elites to manipulate the proletariat and create a false consciousness. d. Rein Raud, building on the work of Umberto Eco, Pierre Bourdieu and Jeffrey C. Alexander, has proposed a model of cultural change based on claims and bids, which are judged by their cognitive adequacy and endorsed or not endorsed by the symbolic authority of the cultural community in question. 1) answer: b) Chinese and e) Japanese Explanation Chinese and Japanese have a high-context culture as communi . In 1870 the anthropologist Edward Tylor (18321917) applied these ideas of higher versus lower culture to propose a theory of the evolution of religion. Do I really want to write this message? "Tylor, Edward B(urnett)". Assertiveness: The degree to which individuals are assertive, confrontational, and aggressive in their relationships with others. High context cultures are those in which communication is largely implied rather than explicit. Which of the following countries is considered a high-context 3) These communicators represent what kind of culture? Japan Norway Germany Japan United States Rationale: Japan, along with China and Arab countries, is a high-context culture. d. High-context communication relies on a high degree of commonality between the individuals. Unlock new opportunities and expand your reach by joining our authors team. Accepting only a monoculture in a social group can bear risks, just as a single species can wither in the face of environmental change, for lack of functional responses to the change. The most important cultural dimension is. Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? Ethnocentrism occurs in only Western cultures. [40] Culture has since become an important concept across many branches of sociology, including resolutely scientific fields like social stratification and social network analysis. a. d. Communicators from North America, Scandinavia, and Germany tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. 36. mass culture). Every social organization has its prototype in the family. [25] This view paved the way for the modern understanding of culture. 36. comes from an orderly system of government and laws. Scholars in the United Kingdom and the United States developed somewhat different versions of cultural studies after the late 1970s. In other words, the idea of "culture" that developed in Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries reflected inequalities within European societies.[29]. Which communication technology is used by companies today? Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? Organizations like UNESCO attempt to preserve culture and cultural heritage. a. During the Romantic era, scholars in Germany, especially those concerned with nationalist movementssuch as the nationalist struggle to create a "Germany" out of diverse principalities, and the nationalist struggles by ethnic minorities against the Austro-Hungarian Empiredeveloped a more inclusive notion of culture as "worldview" (Weltanschauung). The United States b Chinese Korean d Arab e . United States b. Germany c. Norway d. Japan ANSWER: RATIONALE: Japan, along with China and Arab countries, is a high-context culture.d. Your email address will not be published. a. The emphasis on family is evident in the way people refer to each other, with family members typically being referred to by their given name or title. They are: Power Distance: The degree to which members of a collective expect power to be distributed equally. Which of the following is one of the strategies These norms can influence business practices, as they can affect the way people interact with each other, negotiate, and make decisions. c. Which of the following countries would likely view a business contract as a binding document? Monochronic vs. Polychronic Communication Styles | What Are Chronemics? Matthew Arnold contrasted "culture" with anarchy; other Europeans, following philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, contrasted "culture" with "the state of nature." c. High-context cultures are those that communicate in ways that are implicit and rely heavily on context. The writer Julia Kristeva is among influential voices at the turn of the century, contributing to cultural studies from the field of art and psychoanalytical French feminism. a. The non-Marxist approaches suggest that different ways of consuming cultural artifacts affect the meaning of the product. \underline{\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad}\\ \underline{\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad} So far as tasks in life are concerned, virtue comprises acquiring skills, working hard, education, being wise in spending as well as showing perseverance and patience. Some common characteristics of high-context cultures include: High-context cultures are collectivist cultures. Do you think Homer Plessy was rash or courageous for challenging the law requiring separate rail cars for African Americans and whites? Primitive. It complements the findings from the first volume with in-country leadership literature analyses, interview data, focus group discussions, and formal analyses of printed media to provide in-depth descriptions of leadership theory and leader behavior in those 25 cultures. Communicators in low-context cultures tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. Within cultural anthropology, the ideology and analytical stance of cultural relativism hold that cultures cannot easily be objectively ranked or evaluated because any evaluation is necessarily situated within the value system of a given culture. "[21] He argued that this immaturity comes not from a lack of understanding, but from a lack of courage to think independently. UNESCO, 2016, p 73. This contrast led to Herbert Spencer's theory of Social Darwinism and Lewis Henry Morgan's theory of cultural evolution. In a Marxist view, the mode and relations of production form the economic base of society, which constantly interacts and influences superstructures, such as culture. 38. Japan Which of the following is a common trait of a business communicator from a low-context culture? Communicators from North America, Scandinavia, and Germany tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. They also depend little on the context of a situation to convey their meaning. Developers of social media should use the same design principles for all audiences. This strain of thinking has some influence from the Frankfurt School, but especially from the structuralist Marxism of Louis Althusser and others. On the one hand, it has opened up opportunities for cultural exchange, allowing people to learn more about different cultures. In the humanities, one sense of culture as an attribute of the individual has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication in the arts, sciences, education, or manners. Choose two phrases to form a sentence that correctly uses a word from Word List 6. succeed. (b) China [26], In the 19th century, humanists such as English poet and essayist Matthew Arnold (18221888) used the word "culture" to refer to an ideal of individual human refinement, of "the best that has been thought and said in the world. Ethnocentrism does not exist in today's culturally diverse workplace. Members of ingroups usually share many characteristics and experiences. As a result, there has been a recent influx of quantitative sociologists to the field. Answer: d. All are benefits of a diverse work environment. In the context of cultural studies, a text includes not only written language, but also films, photographs, fashion or hairstyles: the texts of cultural studies comprise all the meaningful artifacts of culture. 1) Economics questions and answers. results from a common gene pool. This culture or common heritage has nothing to do with a common gene pool, formal education, or laws. Being better ability to create the products desired by consumers They build on findings by Hofstede (1980), Schwartz (1994), Smith (1995), Inglehart (1997), and others. In this sense, multiculturalism values the peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between different cultures inhabiting the same planet. Power Distance Index & Examples | What is Power Distance? The transnational flow of culture has played a major role in merging different cultures and sharing thoughts, ideas, and beliefs. and how much they try to avoid them is known as: ______ For uses in the natural sciences, see, Early researchers and development of cultural sociology, Tylor, Edward. [34][35][36][37] The term Kulturbrille, or "culture glasses," coined by German American anthropologist Franz Boas, refers to the "lenses" through which a person sees their own culture. A further and recent approach is comparative cultural studies, based on the disciplines of comparative literature and cultural studies.[51]. b. Communicators from North America, Scandinavia, and Germany tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. A low-context culture is a culture in which people communicate explicitly. In the United Kingdom, cultural studies focuses largely on the study of popular culture; that is, on the social meanings of mass-produced consumer and leisure goods. Placing emphasis on written information Learning about beliefs and practices different from our own and appreciating them means displaying _______. Cultural sociology first emerged in Weimar Germany (19181933), where sociologists such as Alfred Weber used the term Kultursoziologie ('cultural sociology'). Peter must inform his employees that his company will need to let go of employees. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following is the least accurate statement about culture? These communicators represent what kind of culture? These communicators represent what kind of culture? [60] Culture may affect the way that people experience and express emotions. Social media offers very little potential for intercultural engagement. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Proudly powered by WordPress

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