For at least five years, there have been long talks about creating diagnostic systems for the most critical equipment nothing has been done. Nevertheless the operator was so attentive that he spotted the anomaly on the main weld bead. This measure did not prove to be useful in practice. There was a team for this. Footage of Legasov's address does exist -- but perhaps not the whole address. There is no need to strike us as we can sort the issue out quickly. Prepperhub But not everyone is in a hurry. Yes. [1], The conference was a public relations triumph for the Soviets as it reassured Western governments and scientists that the disaster was being contained[26] and that the Soviets could competently manage nuclear power in the future. There was panic in the town. This is what I want to tell you today. To make sure of this, I had to get into that APC and go near the reactor. And the main criminals Of course. Valery Alekseyevich Legasov ( Russian: ; 1 September 1936 - 27 April 1988) was a Soviet and Russian inorganic chemist and a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. During the first days of the Chernobyl tragedy, the flaws in our information services were very evident. There was a need for saving. Of course, I could not imagine at that time the level of danger, the scale of danger that was inherent in those old devices. But two weeks later, it happens in America, a phosphorous accident in two weeks. Radiation levels were measured at different points in vertical and horizontal space around the reactor. This transcript was translated into English by Yury Timofeyev, and the translation was edited by Juhi Ahluwalia, Tim Hughes and Jody Boyington; the fruit of their considerable labour can be found on their website. Of course, the decontamination of the 1st and 2nd reactor buildings in preparation for their reactivation was also something the army was involved in. The first, the most powerful emission was the one that threw millions of curies of radioactivity in the form of noble gases and iodine at high altitude. This goal was achieved. Because in our Kurchatov Institute itself, the author of the development, Professor Feinberg Savely Moiseevich, now deceased, was advocating the possibility of a reactor without containment, particularly RBMK. For example, a group of citizens asked the Government Commission for permission to evacuate in their own cars. But my participation in the events at Chernobyl was certainly justified because there was no reactor anymore, just its remnants which is my direct speciality. The information was not enough, we were, preparing for some unusual work and therefore the, with long pauses and, in general, everyone was in suspense and each of us, Remembering this road now, I must say that it never occurred to me then that we, are moving to meet an event of a planetary scale, an event that will probably go, down in the history of mankind like the eruption of famous volcanoes, for, example, the death of people in Pompeii or that do not be close to this. The sarcophagus itself had not yet been begun but the approaches to it had already been concreted. In case of such and such signal, at such and such place, assemble a specific emergency team to dispatch here in Moscow. Many of the regulations, requirements and rules were complicated and very confusing; in some parts, contradictory. That's why a decision was made to completely replace the roof of the 3rd block, put in a new one with appropriate safety devices that would allow the necessary work to continue and launch the 3rd block of the Chernobyl NPP in time. It, in my opinion, is wrong. It must be said that all the quantitative assessments show that the power of the explosion was equivalent of around three to four tons of TNT. Do you understand? For some reason, many sources state that there was one explosion, or two explosions, or a hydrogen explosion, or a non-hydrogen explosion. Had the philosophy of safety been correct, then our experts would have, without a doubt, found technical solutions conforming to this philosophy. This fact should be noted. There was military acceptance of each piece of equipment, specially trained personnel, the highest requirements, etc. And then the Atommash factory was specially built to make cases for such reactors. Legasov: No, as far as I know, Petrosyants was not specifically involved in these matters. Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov strongly recommended we also start dropping clay, a very effective radionuclide absorbant. I repeat that they were invented in continuous phone conversations with Moscow, with experts who assessed, did the thermophysical calculations. And at 8.40 pm, approximately, the first meeting of the Government Commission was held in Pripyat itself in the city committee of the party. Because there was hydrogen in the generators in the engine room; there was engine oil. Legasov: Oh well, I Thats how much we were confused by the scale of the accident. It seemed that it would be impossible to decontaminate this city because everywhere one went, there were very high levels of radiation, say, 700-800 milliroentgens per hour. 56 in Moscow and graduated with a gold medal. Since when has this mistake begun to be corrected? He can be a philosopher, historian, an engineer"[5] The school now bears his name, and his bronze bust stands at the entrance. Basically, it was uncomfortable for him to refuse this money, but at the same time, the cash form of the prize itself did not really please him. And for the shift workers that had to work in the 1st and 2nd blocks, a very nice village was constructed with all the needed amenities: with houses, with shops, with cultural facilities. I told him what had happened at Three Mile Island in America, what events took place there and what measures [were taken]. Immediately after me, Aleksandr Grigorjevich Meshkov, First Deputy Minister of Medium Machine Building, entered the room, quickly stated that a Government commission had been formed to investigate the Chernobyl accident, and that I had been assigned to that commission. He was appointed by the Soviet Government to investigate the Chernobyl disaster less than 24 hours after it occurred. Well because it was already clear in the 60s that it would be expensive and practically impossible to develop industry in the European part and provide it with electricity from organic sources. "Legasov was the only competent person there. And the first time with him. As of today, it has been absolutely reliably established, and it must be unambiguously written, that there were two consecutive explosions, the second more powerful than the first. Every specialist who invents either an upgrade for an existing system or an entirely new system must prove the benefits of such innovation. He consistently looked for possible sources of issues that would lead to accidents, systematized them, and made probabilistic evaluations of events, estimates of the likelihood of an event leading to a release of radioactivity. This was just as worrying. It was clear that during such migrations there was no command centre prepared from which it would be possible to organise the work in such difficult conditions. And our Kola Peninsula, a natural wonder, would have been destroyed. [13][9] In 1967,[citation needed] he defended his thesis at the Kurchatov Institute, under the supervisor Isaak Kikoin, on the synthesis of compounds of noble gases and the study of their properties[citation needed]. All this has to be done. I have to start the part where I create my memoir. So, this was my own professional work to which I managed to attract most interesting young people who with style, with good education and understanding, are still developing this extremely interesting area of Chemical physicsfrom which Im sure will originate very many developments, important for practice and for education. That is why we chose SiO2, sand, which would perform the same function, that is, melting, flowing in the same way as dolomite; because magnesium oxide [sic] is a relatively good conductor of heat, the most conductive among all ceramics. The maximum rate of combustion under the temperatures we established (the temperature of graphite combustion) is around a ton per hour. After some considerations, the Government Commission allowed them to use their cars. The procedures established at this station were sharply different from ours. But in questions of specific technical policy or improvements to this device, the designer was unwilling to accept the Institutess point of view, not considering it to be a sufficiently-developed partner for it to be useful to the designer in his work. But the situation was complex. And later it turned out that we knew very little about them. The next question arose when it became clear that the crater of the wrecked fourth block was exhausting a lot of radioactive gas. I witnessed all this, but it was hard for me to intervene in the process purely professionally while general declarations on this subject were received with hostility. They continued until somewhere between the 12th and 15th of May, with the main drops ending, as I have said, on the 2nd of May. The question of the gap between the physical concepts of what the reactor should be, and the poor-quality production of fuel, and the whole range of technological operations, many of which seem insignificant, and which are practiced at our stations. Further traditional report lasting in general two hours, room of the academic secretary Nikolai Sergeyevich BABAY, but in order to, discuss the main positions of the report during the break. Shcherbina assigned the duties. They accepted it very reluctantly, put it somewhere in their implementation plans for the 90s at the last moment, and began to correct the second mistake. Before that, the entire Ukraine Government was very actively and successfully represented by the Ukraine Chairman Deputy Nikolaev. This was the partnership. This would facilitate heat transfer. I worked at this plant for about two years. However, as I have already said, the robotic devices we had, be it our own or acquired from abroad, turned out to be practically useless in those conditions. There were considerable discussions. We were worried about the uncertainty of geometric shape of the remains of the reactor. But that will be tomorrow, and right now there isnt. But nevertheless, judging by this basic overview they also had concluded that around half of fuel was inside the reactor and another half had escaped. This construction was a separate saga in itself. Why does he hide them? Moreover, these are specifically the long-living isotopes and the most dangerous: alpha-active. Adamovich: [Unclear] you talked about nitrogen. Because of that it seems that all the decisions were correct. And the most dangerous tasks during his term were to determine whether or not there was water inside the upper and lower bubblers, and in the rooms beneath the reactor hall because this was crucial. I wanted to say that aloud. [25], I did not lie in Vienna but I did not tell the full truth. This is what I did on the flight. And Anatoly Petrovich had such a humanly understandable and even likeable trait, namely, reliance on people with whom he has worked for many years. But, in practice, the effort to put this needle in the right place from a helicopter was huge; and nearly no information was received from it. All this created such problems that it became evident that the shift method, in this case, was certainly not optimal. I was struck by the time this station put into carrying out a refueling. Because of that our conversation was rather fragmented with long silences in between. This is true for each and any case. The assumption was that all this lead will get into the hot zone and evaporate, which is impossible because most of it condensed at the upper levels. But as you can understand from the talk, I am the director of my own department that supports the nuclear fuel cycle, that is, separating the isotopes, disposal of radioactivity My position is of an external observer, as it were, and also of a participant. Scientist who exposed true extent of Chernobyl disaster killed himself a day after second anniversary (As the Deputy Director of Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy in Moscow, Valery Legasov received a distress call on April 26, 1986, asking him to head to Chernobyl. We decided to translate them to English. There is not a single organization in the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union or in the national academies that could develop this philosophy. On 27 April 1988,[32] the day after the second anniversary of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident and one day before he was due to release the outcomes of the investigation into the causes of the disaster,[23] Legasov hanged himself in the stairwell of his Moscow apartment[33] (though some sources say inside his apartment,[34][35] others in his office[23]). Now once again, solely an engineering approach is used when one device is compared to another. So on the same day at 4 p.m., I flew out of Chkalovsk and once again arrived at Chernobyl where I continued my work. To make direct measurements of the reactor, Legasov was driven in an armored personnel carrier to the site which established the reactor had shut down. Three, all this dangerous industry with a maximally safe reactor, maximally safe operation, must compulsorily be encapsulated; enclosed in a containment as it is called in the West, placed under a cupola as we call it. His last name was Bryukhanov, the director of the station. This is what makes the Minsk station and the Finnish station distinct. My responsibilities included chemical physics, and separation of isotopes and substances, as well as the use of nuclear energy in the domestic infrastructure in the form of isotopes or something else. I said that the next disaster will happen in South Kazakhstan, with phosphorus, when everything that lives within a 300-kilometre radius will die. From this perspective, there was no understanding of the steps that needed to be taken, neither from station personnel nor from the Ministry of Energy. Around the same time when the fate of the 3rd block was decidedwell, because of such conditions its launch had been delayed from summer, for when it was planned, to autumnthe necessity of setting up and launching work on the 5th and 6th blocks was very keenly discussed. This meant that the graphite fire had to be extinguished first and foremost. The wells are in place, are monitored and are functional. For me it seemed to be important that during this proactive stage the measures to supply people, to create proper living conditions for them, to gather experience for such a large scale work organisation. Then the next one arrives and so it goes on. Gradually, imperceptibly, but it was happening. However, from stories and literature, I also knew that a part of this committee was engaged in intelligence and counterintelligence work. Secondly, install the maximum number of sensors that would ascertain the condition of reactor number 4. Thanks to the arrival of comrade Voronin, the overall scheme of work management had started to form. And I even saw a team of young people, led by Fyodor Alekseevich Scherbakov, working. We also spotted an increase in radiation levels in Kiev and other cities which were quite some distance away from Chernobyl. Do you see? This base was quite contaminated. The scientific part of the team, who were responsible for the correctness of decisions, made these decisions without the support of Moscow, Kiev, or Leningrad. But it was reported in such a way that one of them died from physical trauma while the second from chemical burns. So just in case, the water should be removed and in case the fuel mass would melt its way down into these rooms, we could pump the water back there, to cool the molten fuel masses. Well, because no one knew exactly what had happened. But, additionally, at least three major design mistakes were made in this device. There was an absolute disregard of the viewpoint of the Chief Designer or the Science Supervisor. I find them monstrous, and have always found them monstrous. But now recalling those days of May, I must say that after N.I.Ryzhkov and E.K.Ligachev had visited the accident sites and verified the situation, we received a command: the composition of the Government commission should be changed. Legasov: The director of ChNPP was in shock, from beginning to end. The probability of [another] Chernobyl has now increased. Valery Legassov Transcriptions | PDF | Chernobyl Disaster | Radioactive Decay Valery Legassov transcriptions - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. russell 2000 rebalancing. This resulted in a considerable reduction of radioactivity spreading from reactor number 4 to a wider area. Legasov: Explosives. Sitting in his home, Valery Legasov, the deputy director of the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, records tapes recounting the true account of what happened at the Chernobyl Nuclear power plant in the Ukraine on the day it exploded. [7], Reactor 4 of Chernobyl nuclear plant exploded on 26 April 1986 at 1:23:45 a.m, releasing a massive amount of radiation and contaminating a large area. I fought against this project from May; an absolutely useless project. I cannot leave unmentioned the huge role that Marshal Aganov played along with his engineering troops. It is difficult to overestimate the work of the supply group, which was organised by the chairman of the of the Gossnab of Ukraineworking on behalf of Vitaliy Andreyevich Solov, the chairman of Gosplan of Ukrainewho, sitting in Kiev, worked miracles to ensure that all the work was carried out in Chernobyl with all the needed materials even though the amount needed was, of course, ridiculous. [27] Resistance came from the old guard who resisted change and among younger reformers who regarded Legasov as a relic of the previous Era of Stagnation. And the three nuclear power plants, Novovoronezh, Beloyarsk and Obninsk were like playgrounds for scientists, where researchers solved their problems. They also dont have containments because they are large. So, [in Chernobyl] our press reported a lot of information of the second type, about people, about their impressions, about what was happening there, but reported very little, unlike the TASS regular, about what has happened so far and what has changed. Exactly there is where this question had to be experimentally verified. So we, after pioneering its development, stopped its development for 10 years. And each one accumulates experience and mistakes, and all of it belongs to all humankind. I, of course, moved around in this circle, choosing my task. In the field of reactors, my attention was drawn to the high-temperature-helium-cooled reactor, molten salt reactor, because I had not seen anything similar. He must be the designer, the engineer and the science supervisor. The system of a singular person being personally responsible for the quality of the devicewith all the facilities it was installed inwas absent. We will try to add the best prepper articles and videos! If the philosophy that mandatorily required a containment over any type of nuclear facility had been developed, then naturally RBMK, with its geometry, with its construction, as a device would simply not have appeared. He never said how much he got. Thank God that it did not happen here or in a factory but on a railway tanker car transporting phosphorus. But that it was more difficult to control became clear. At the same time, another group of researchers was occupied with another task, specifically, studying the migration of radionuclides inside the 30-kilometre zone and around it. Helicopters dropped over 5 thousand tons of various materials onto the reactor. But for RBMK reactors, all the experience was domestic. This project would have cost billions and such a canal would have passed through Belorussia. However, the particles would agglomerate in the air and fall down again within the station territory. Dosimetric conditions in the various parts of the district would be reported. We drove through Chernobyl. A very mean caricature it was. There is a lot of graphite, a lot of zirconium and water. And I have seen more than one accident. On the evening of the 26th, we did everything roughly. Undoubtedly, science will address this and things will improve but not by 100 or 150 times. I understand this myself; scientific stewardship is a problem. Test what vehicles would be best-suited for the job within those conditions. The first assumption was that it is the internal contamination of the building. This device did not have any mechanical rods (mechanical, well, it could work well or it could work badly) or other safety systems that would be independent of the operator, and would work solely based on the state of the zone. Say, even if a robot had sufficiently reliable electronics, it could not overcome obstacles, that were the result of a large amount of wreckage of reactor number 4, and stopped. It was necessary to simultaneously organize a number of tasks that were of completely different types. [28] Ustynyuk was called to Legasov's office and found him to be "extremely agitated and low-spirited" following the decision. Because, after all, this is a dangerous technology. But how to construct the concrete plate under the reactor - this was totally unknown to us. As soon as we started selling stations to the Finns. The provisional title of this article is The reasons that led to the Chernobyl accident and its consequences. There was a break at 12 oclock as I remember it now. Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov had been on ChNPP many times . The Legasov Tapes Featured August 16, 2019 Tape 1 side A Aym96/Wikimedia In all my life, it never occurred to me that I would have to start this part of my life. Radiation conditions were evaluated, work status of dam construction, well construction, about acquiring appropriate equipment and vehicles, about the construction of the sarcophagusall this information was heard, and operational decisions were made immediately. This was the period when we dropped the vast bulk of our decided-upon materials into the reactor. After obtaining a lot of data, I wrote a large report that could have been the basis for my dissertation, or maybe it already was a complete dissertation. All this was mandatory every day. Luckily, as I was later told by the director of the Kola NPP Volkov Aleksander Petrovich, the personnel were properly trained and very cautious. Valery Legassov transcriptions from his tapes, 100% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, Save Valery Legassov transcriptions For Later, Recording number 1 of 5 of Valery Legasov, Still, all my life I did not think that I would have to go to such, at least the age, in, which I am now, having just experienced my fiftieth birthday, to essentially refer, to a memoir part of something, a part of a tragic, in many ways confused and, But there have been such events, such a scale and such participation of. really knew about the accident, informed me that an alarming a serious signal, encrypted according to the order established in, In this case, there was a signal of 1; 2; 3; 4, which meant that the station, had a situation with nuclear danger; radiation hazard; fire danger; and an. As proposed by General Damiyanovich, a military centre was quickly established in the area surrounding the ChNPP to ensure that military specialiststhe military units in charge of decontamination, measurement, and any other operations that the army had to dowould not act randomly; by trial and error, but more consciously. Legasov: Feinberg S.M. So many discussions were had on this topic, so many surveys, so many measurements, and in the end, it turned out that the main source of contamination was the contamination on the roof of the 3rd block. It must be added, however, that a number of challenges with this reactor were solved very well. Rather curtly, he stated that they had somewhat messed something up, and an accident of sorts had occurred there, but this would not stop the overall development of the atomic energy program. And there was another episode. All of this reflected a certain general serious technological inefficiency and indiscipline in almost all crucial areas of our work. These decisions were targeted solely to deal with the situation faster, lessen the consequences. [36] Legasov's daughter commented "It was not an emotional breakdown, it was a deliberate, thoroughly considered act. Make sure to subscribe to his Youtube channel. The initial conclusions are that fish living close to the riverbed do, without a doubt, carry some radioactivity in them but no disturbing symptoms have been discovered. After that, as I see it, there should be a section named Current status where it should be stated that there is a Coordination Council in the Academy of Sciences, that includes heads of departments responsible for the relevant type of workGosagroprom, Minsredmash, Minatomenergo, etc.as well as leading scientists-experts from the fields of medicine, radiology, agriculture and so on. This is how five out of ten projects became a failure. Then we built the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station and the Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Station. Same as the Americans. It appeared that I had been summoned to Moscow to take part in the Politburo meeting that would take place on the 5th of May. Then another hour or so passed as the situation with the plane was ascertained, and this group of people flew out early in the morning to the location. There were very large gaps that could not hold the concrete, preventing it from hardening, and making it impossible to set up the base for the subsequent construction elements. They can be regarded as the directions work should take. I will mention only one example of his work. [22], On 2 May, he and other commission members reported to visiting high-ranking officials that this was no ordinary industrial accident but would require a significant containment effort, as well as a review of the future of the other reactors. 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