[68] In early April, Sherman declined Montgomery Blair's offer of the administrative position of chief clerk in the War Department, despite Blair's promise that it would be followed by nomination as Assistant Secretary of War after the U.S. Congress assembled in July. Thomas Ewing Sherman (1856-1933) 2. [176] Their fate soon became a pressing military and political issue. [214] One of the most serious accusations against Sherman was that he allowed his troops to burn the city of Columbia. Following the 1866 Fetterman Massacre, in which 81 U.S. soldiers were ambushed and killed by Native American warriors, Sherman telegraphed Grant that "we must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux, even to their extermination, men, women and children. Besides, where are your men and appliances of war to contend against them? He was the son of lawyer Charles R. Sherman and Mary Hoyt both originally of Norwalk, CT. . [121], The Meridian campaign marked the end of Sherman's brief tenure as commander of the Army of the Tennessee. [298] The admiration of scholars such as B. H. Liddell Hart,[299] Lloyd Lewis, Victor Davis Hanson,[300] John F. Marszalek,[301] and Brian Holden-Reid[302] for Sherman owes much to what they see as an approach to the exigencies of modern armed conflict that was both effective and principled. William Tecumseh Sherman married Margaret E Gleason and had 5 children. Two of his foster brothers served as major generals in the Union Army during the Civil War: Hugh Boyle Ewing, later an ambassador and author, and Thomas Ewing Jr., who was a defense attorney in the military trials of the Lincoln conspirators. The North can make a steam engine, locomotive, or railway car; hardly a yard of cloth or pair of shoes can you make. [211] One of Sherman's tactics was to destroy the railways by pulling up the rails, heating them over a bonfire, and twisting them to leave behind what came to known as "Sherman's neckties". Historian Mark Grimsley promoted the use of the term "hard war" to refer to this strategy in the context of the U.S. Civil War. [79] Sherman was then assigned to serve under Robert Anderson in the Department of the Cumberland, in Louisville, Kentucky. He passed away in 1949. per familysearch.org . General William Tecumseh "Cump" Sherman Born 8 Feb 1820 in Lancaster, Fairfield, Ohio, USA Ancestors Son of Charles Robert Sherman and Mary (Hoyt) Sherman The severity of the destructive acts by Union troops was significantly greater in South Carolina than in Georgia or North Carolina. In fact, Sherman's first command was a brigade of three-month volunteers who fought in the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861. I am not and cannot be. Sherman then became the military governor of occupied Memphis. In early 1858, he returned to California to finalize the bank's outstanding accounts there. In his memoirs, Sherman said, "In my official report of this conflagration, I distinctly charged it to General Wade Hampton, and confess I did so pointedly, to shake the faith of his people in him, for he was in my opinion boastful, and professed to be the special champion of South Carolina. [14], Sherman's unusual given name has always attracted attention. [33] Sherman and Halleck lived in a house in Monterey, now known as the "Sherman Quarters", from 1847 to 1849. The army took 4,000 prisoners and commandeered many wagons and horses. William Tecumseh Sherman. [31][32], Sherman and Ord disembarked in Monterey, California on January 28, 1847, two days before the town of Yerba Buena acquired the new name of "San Francisco". [159], Following Lee's surrender and the assassination of Lincoln, Sherman met with Johnston on April 17, 1865, at Bennett Place in Durham, North Carolina, to negotiate a Confederate surrender. [110] When Vicksburg fell on July 4, 1863, after a prolonged siege, the Union achieved a major strategic victory, putting navigation along the Mississippi River entirely under Union control and effectively cutting off the western half of the Confederacy from the eastern half. [104][105] Arkansas Post was taken by the Union army and navy on January 11, 1863. Eleanor Mary Sherman (1859-1915) 2. He steadfastly refused to be drawn into party politics and in 1875 published his memoirs, which became one of the best-known first-hand accounts of the Civil War. [150], Sherman captured Columbia, the state capital, on February 17, 1865. [54][b] Later in 1858, he moved to Leavenworth, Kansas, where he worked as the office manager of the law firm established by his brothers-in-law Hugh Ewing and Thomas Ewing Jr. Sherman obtained a license to practice law, despite not having studied for the bar, but he met with little success as a lawyer. The resulting trial of Satanta and Big Tree marked the first occasion in which Native American chiefs were tried by a civilian court in the United States. [84] In his private correspondence, Sherman later wrote that the concerns of command "broke me down" and admitted to having contemplated suicide. He returned to Washington in 1876, when the new Secretary of War, Alphonso Taft, promised him greater authority. [236], Displacement of the Plains Indians was facilitated by the growth of the railroads and the eradication of the bison. [57] Colonel Joseph P. Taylor, brother of the late President Zachary Taylor, declared that "if you had hunted the whole Army, from one end of it to the other, you could not have found a man in it more admirably suited for the position in every respect than Sherman."[58]. [305] Arlington National Cemetery features a smaller version of Saint-Gaudens's statue of Victory. [233] Sherman's views on Indian matters were often strongly expressed. [41], On May 1, 1850, Sherman married his foster sister, Ellen Boyle Ewing, who was four years his junior. Start your search on William Tecumseh Sherman. "[88][89], After Grant captured Fort Donelson, Sherman got his wish to serve under Grant when he was assigned on March 1, 1862, to the Army of West Tennessee as commander of the 5th Division. "Yes," Grant replied, puffing on his cigar. [270] Former U.S. president and Civil War veteran Rutherford B. Hayes, who attended both ceremonies, said at the time that Sherman had been "the most interesting and original character in the world. He dealt in a friendly and unaffected way with the black people that he met during his career. . When Grant became president of the United States in March 1869, Sherman succeeded him as Commanding General of the Army. William Tecumseh Sherman was one of the most famous military leaders of the Civil War, perhaps third after General Ulysses Grant and General Robert E. Lee. Although Sherman was technically the senior officer, he wrote to Grant, "I feel anxious about you as I know the great facilities [the Confederates] have of concentration by means of the River and R[ail] Road, but [I] have faith in youCommand me in any way. [130][d], Sherman's Atlanta campaign concluded successfully on September 2, 1864, with the capture of the city, which Hood had been forced to abandon. Shortly after the Union forces occupied Corinth on May 30, Sherman persuaded Grant not to resign from his command, despite the serious difficulties he was having with Halleck. "[275] In letters written in 1865 to Thomas, his eldest surviving son, General Sherman said "I don't want you to be a soldier or a priest, but a good useful man",[276] and complained that Thomas's mother Ellen "thinks religion is so important that everything else must give way to it". According to Holden-Reid, Sherman finally "had cut his teeth as an army commander" with the Jackson Expedition. William Tecumseh Sherman (1854-1863) 2. Only in your spirit and determination are you prepared for war. Johnston, ignoring instructions from President Davis, accepted those terms on April 26, 1865, formally surrendered his army and all the Confederate forces in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida. The influential 20th-century British military historian and theorist B.H. Liddell Hart ranked Sherman as "the first modern general" and one of the most important strategists in the annals of war, along with Scipio Africanus, Belisarius, Napoleon Bonaparte, T.E. Lawrence, and Erwin Rommel. He was the son of John Cagle and Mary Owen. This made Sherman senior in rank to Ulysses S. Grant, his future commander. He had at least 2 daughters with Elizabeth Bell Dyer. Some of us called upon him immediately upon his arrival, and it is probable he would not meet the Secretary [Stanton] with more courtesy than he met us. In early November, Sherman asked to be relieved of his command. After Pemberton surrendered to Grant on July 4, Johnston advanced towards the rear of Grant's forces. This country will be drenched in blood, and God only knows how it will end. [142] Sherman then dispatched a message to Lincoln, offering him the city as a Christmas present.[143][e]. Sherman would eventually become one of the few high-ranking officers of the U.S. Civil War who had not fought in Mexico. [95][96] In July, Grant's situation improved when Halleck left for the East to become general-in-chief. What emerges is a landmark portrait of a brilliant but tormented soul, haunted by a family legacy of mental illness and relentlessly driven to . For the most part, Sherman refused to revise his original text on the ground that "I disclaim the character of historian, but assume to be a witness on the stand before the great tribunal of history" and "any witness who may disagree with me should publish his own version of [the] facts in the truthful narration of which he is interested". [239], When Grant became president in 1869, Sherman was appointed Commanding General of the United States Army and promoted to the rank of full general. [7] Liddell Hart's views on the historical significance of Sherman have since been discussed and, to varying extents, defended by subsequent military scholars such as Jay Luvaas,[192] Victor Davis Hanson,[193] and Brian Holden-Reid. Father James A. Ryder, president of Georgetown College, officiated at the Washington, D.C., ceremony. [135] In response, Hood moved north into Tennessee. [268][269], Sherman's body was then transported to St. Louis, where another service was conducted at a local Catholic church on February 21, 1891. When comparing Sherman's scorched-earth campaigns to the actions of the British Army during the Second Boer War (18991902) another war in which civilians were targeted because of their central role in sustaining a belligerent power South African historian Hermann Giliomee claims that it "looks as if Sherman struck a better balance than the British commanders between severity and restraint in taking actions proportional to legitimate needs". 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