by high-performance liquid chromatography. (4) Year-round fresh fruit supply: integrating the selection of cultivars with different maturation times, half-red harvesting, shelf life preservation, long-distance cold transportation, and long-term storage techniques such as controlled freezing-point storage, as well as protected cultivation, for advancing or delaying ripening and preventing fruit cracking. J. Hu, F. Study on Four Main Functional Components of Chinese Jujube. Meanwhile, the expansion of the MDHAR gene family contributes to AsA regeneration. Slider with three articles shown per slide. During this period, jujube began to be introduced to neighboring countries in Asia, such as Japan and South Korea, and began to spread to Central Asia and Europe through the ancient Silk Road. J. These authors contributed equally: Mengjun Liu, Jiurui Wang, Lili Wang, Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, Mengjun Liu,Lili Wang,Ping Liu,Zhihui Zhao,Zhiguo Liu,Li Dai&Xuan Zhao, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Sustainable Agriculture Science Center at Alcalde, New Mexico State University, 371 County Road 40, Alcalde, NM, 87511, USA, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464, Bucharest, Romania, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100000, China, Propaganda Department, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, You can also search for this author in Combining these genetic linkage groups with the assembled genome sequences, pseudomolecules for each of the 12 chromosomes of jujube were constructed. HortScience53, 609612 (2018). Food, Agric. J. Based on the nationwide germplasm investigation, the National Chinese Jujube Repository was constructed in Taigu, Shanxi Province, by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Peoples Republic of China. & Ma, Z. The crisp white pulp surrounds a single large pointed stone. Softwood grafting in early spring also gave success of 90%. ISSN 2052-7276 (online) Objectives such as tolerance to transportation and long storage life, varied ripening times, and multiple-use cultivars are marketers preferences. In 4th International Jujube Symposium, XXX International Horticultural Congress, Istanbul, Turkey (International Horticultural Congress, Istanbul, Turkey, 2018) (in press). Exp Agric 16:217228, Ong CK, Black CR, Marshall FM, Corlett JE (1996) Principles of resource capture and utilization of light and water. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Liang, C., Zhao, J. Lizao on Ziziphus rootstock) tree plantations have been planted densely to increase income, with a spacing of 3 m between tree rows and 2 m between trees in rows. Sin.36, 196200 (2003). Google Scholar, Maghembe JA, Kaoneka ARS, Lulandala LLL (1986) Intercropping, weeding and spacing effects on growth and nutrient content in Leucaena leucocephala at Morogoro, Tanzania. Anal.39, 230234 (2019). Many reports on fresh fruit preservation techniques in jujube have been published. Acta Hortic.993, 219224 (2013). Fruit. Wang et al. Back to albums list. Beijing Forestry University, Beijing (2016). The RLD of 6-year-old jujube intercropped with wheat at different soil depths was influenced by intercropping to a smaller extent than in other jujube/wheat intercropping combinations. Plant Genet. Water thoroughly and keep the pot in partial shade for the first few weeks to minimize transplant shock, then move to a location with full sun. volume87,pages 929939 (2013)Cite this article. Design and practice of emasculation-free cross breeding in Chinese jujube. However, high-efficiency, low-cost practical management systems for fruit cracking and fruit shrinking disease have not been developed; these conditions have a great influence on jujube yield and quality. Genom.11, 809 (2015). J Shandong Agric Univ 31:9194, Liu JQ, Halik W, Wang GS, Kasim Y (2012) Study on temporal and spatial distribution rules of characteristic fruit industry resources in Xinjiang. Jinsi 4 on its fruit cracking and nutritional quality in the South. When made into glac fruits by boiling in honey and sugar syrup, they resemble Persian dates and are sometimes known as Chinese dates. Biotechnol.94, 123129 (2019). contributed to the final draft. Sci. Chen et al. Sin.41, 21152124 (2014). Hebei Agricultural Universtiy, Baoding (2008). Peng, Y. Tree Genet. We would like to thank Mr. Robert Heyduck from New Mexico State University for his review of this paper before submission. Acta Hortic. Plant Syst. Hybrid plant production was increased by 100 times using the new system, and a large number of hybrid progeny were obtained from 19 cross combinations, of which a number of superior lines were selected70. The combination of artificial drying, mechanical cleaning, and automatic sorting can significantly improve the appearance of commercial fruit, increase production efficiency and economic benefits, and reduce losses after harvest. The fruit is particularly rich in nutrients, and its contents of sugar, vitamin C and B, cyclic nucleotide, proline, triterpenic acid, potassium, iron, and zinc are the highest among many fruits9,10 (Table 2). Huang, W., Wang, S. & Guo, H. Advances on cutting propagation techniques of Chinese jujube. Gao, Y., Zhao, Z. Jujube can satisfactorily meet the diverse needs of growers, consumers, marketers, government, and society. Three emasculation-free methods have been developed based on the discovery of two typical male-sterile germplasms and a group of self-fruitless/self-sterile germplasms that can replace male sterility42,43, which effectively overcame the key obstacle to artificial emasculation in jujube. using genotyping by sequencing technology. J. Chin. Wang, L. et al. Liu, P. et al. A postharvest physiological study revealed the main factors influencing fruit preservation in jujube115. Competition for nitrogen and litter decomposition dynamics. Agrofor Syst 76:513523, Rivest D, Cogliastro A, Bradley RL, Olivier A (2010) Intercropping hybrid poplar with soybean increases soil microbial biomass, mineral N supply and tree growth. Rep.7, 1025 (2017). 6-year-old jujube exhibited a stronger negative effect on the productivity of wheat than did 2- or 4-year-old jujube and there was less effect on productivity of jujube in the 6-year-old system than in the 2- or 4-year-old jujube trees grown in monoculture. Acquirement of endosperm triploid and its biology and cytology 1978-1984. Int.39, 917923 (2006). The latter was further divided into Ser. Agrofor Syst 80:3340, Schroth G (1999) A review of belowground interactions in agroforestry, focussing on mechanisms and management options. They don't have much need for fertilizers, and just some mulching with organic matter will do an excellent job of feeding your Jujube tree once it's a few years old. Planting: Dig a hole big enough to accommodate the root system. indicated that jujube was sensitive to CO2 and that fruit browning occurred quickly under the conditions of 10% CO2120. Optimization of extraction conditions of -carotene in Chinese jujube fruits. This method is characterized by the direct sowing of the rootstock seeds (sour jujube) in orchards followed by the in situ grafting of the target cultivar. Dongzao. Sun, H. & Tian, Y. To date, cultivation technology systems have been established for the leading cultivars in their main growing areas with their own characteristics. Hypobaric storage can delay ripening and aging and inhibit the fermentation of jujube fruit by providing low-temperature, low-oxygen storage conditions123. Benefiting from late bud sprouting (~20 days later than peach), late flowering (June in North China) and a 2-month flowering period, jujube avoids late frosts and biennial bearing. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, Ashton PS (2000) Ecological theory of diversity and its applications to mixed species plantation systems. I planted a Contorted Jujube tree in the upper tier of a dry stacked natural stone raised bed about 2 weeks ago. Drain the fruit, and add rum and/or vanilla to taste. (3) Novel cultivation technology: developing high-density, high-efficiency, high-quality, labor-saving, and environmentally friendly large-scale, enterprise-oriented operations with the aid of mechanized, automated, and smart new technologies. Bu, J., Zhao, J. Jujube tree needs to change its pots when it is young, turning pots and changing soil. When made into glac fruits by boiling in honey and sugar syrup, they resemble Persian dates and are sometimes known as Chinese dates. Acad. under a variety of conditions. Sugar transport played a more important role than sugar biosynthesis in fruit sugar accumulation during Chinese jujube domestication. Univ. Dried Chinese Jujubes (Standards Press of China, 2009). Neolithic charred fruits and pits of jujube unearthed in Peiligang, Mixian County, Henan Province, China, indicate that Chinese people had begun to pick and use jujubes and domesticate jujube trees at least 7240 years ago. Agrofor Syst 37:91109, Young A (1997) Agroforestry for soil management. & Wang, Y. Chinese Fruit Trees Record-Chinese Jujube (China Forestry Publishing House, 1993). This method can produce cross and reciprocal-cross hybrids at the same time85. Deciduous fruit. Jujube never needs flower-promoting treatments. and wild jujube (Ziziphus acidojujuba). Research is lagging and does not match the demand from industry in some countries. Acad. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 6177, Atkinson D, Johnson MG, Mattam D, Mercer ER (1978) The effect of orchard soil management on the uptake of nitrogen by established apple trees. Until recently Chinese jujube was propagated primarily by root suckers. Li, D., Niu, X. & Liu, M. Simultaneous determination of four water-soluble vitamins in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) J. Yan, F. F. et al. For. It's just a better tree for in-ground planting. An evolutionary divergence analysis of jujube, pear and Prunus mume found that the 4DTv (fourfold synonymous third-codon transversion) rate of jujube peaked at only 0.50, suggesting that no recent whole-genome duplication had occurred in jujube12. Cui, Y. et al. Acta Hortic. & Huang, J. Org.121, 423433 (2015). This article was most recently revised and updated by, Nature - The historical and current research progress on jujubea superfruit for the future, jujube - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Stnic, F. Rezultate preliminare privind micronmulirea in vitro a curmalului chinezesc (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) The trend of jujube industrial development and research. To date, more than 95% of jujube production is still concentrated in China, and scientific research on jujube is also mainly carried out in China. Spatial distribution of root length density (RLD, cm 125 cm) in a jujube trees grown alone for 5 years, b 5-year-old jujube trees intercropped with wheat, c jujube tree grown alone for 7 . Construction of a high-density genetic map of Ziziphusjujuba Mill. Ji, Q. J. Agric. CAS Genome-wide analysis of the WRKY gene family and their positive responses to phytoplasma invasion in Chinese jujube. The key techniques included peeling off the seed coat, culturing young embryos together with their endosperm and reverse inoculating young embryos with the chalazal end pointed down on the medium. Specific reference genes for RT-qPCR of jujube were selected under a variety of conditions and sourced from different tissues/organs, fruit development stages, and biotic/abiotic stresses, providing more choices for further gene expression analysis and functional studies in jujube22,23,24,25,26. We summarized historical research achievements from the past 3000 years and reviewed recent research advances since 1949 in seven fields, including genome sequencing and application, germplasm resources and systematic taxonomy, breeding and genetics, cultivation theory and techniques, pest control, postharvest physiology and techniques, and nutrition and processing.
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